ArticleBritish journal of cancer2023
Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy on tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression in metastatic breast cancer.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radiation Therapy Personalization in Cancer Treatment: Strategies and Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast and Female Genital Tract Cancers: Overlooked Potential and Unexplored Frontiers.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Renal pelvic urothelial carcinoma with imaging features presenting as renal infarction 1 case report and literature review.Urology case reports · 2025Article
- Blood hypercoagulability and thrombosis mechanisms in cancer patients -A brief review.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Neoadjuvant radiotherapy in ERFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Discordance in PD-L1 expression using 22C3 and SP142 assays between primary and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2023Article
- A real-world study of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced triple-negative breast cancer.Cancer innovation · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChemotherapy and radiotherapy were postulated to induce an inflamed tumour microenvironment. We aimed to evaluate the effects of adjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy on tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in metastatic breast cancer.
methodsWe identified paired primary and metastatic tumours in 85 patients with breast cancer. Stromal TILs were assessed according to international guidelines. PD-L1 expression was evaluated using the VENTANA SP142 assay.
resultsTILs were significantly lower in metastatic tumours than in primary tumours (12.2 vs. 8.3%, p = 0.049). PD-L1 positivity was similar between primary and metastatic tumours (21.2 vs. 14.1%, p = 0.23). TILs were significantly lower in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy than in those who did not (-9.07 vs. 1.19%, p = 0.01). However, radiotherapy had no significant effect on TILs (p = 0.44). Decreased TILs predicted worse post-recurrence survival (hazard ratio, 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41-6.13, p = 0.003), while increased TILs was associated with a better prognosis (HR, 0.12; 95% CI: 0.02-0.08, p = 0.04).
conclusionsTILs decreased in metastatic tumours, particularly in patients who relapsed after adjuvant chemotherapy. Changes in TILs from primary to metastatic sites could be a prognostic factor after recurrence.
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