ArticleNature communications2022
Compact Cas9d and HEARO enzymes for genome editing discovered from uncultivated microbes.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Compact 9dBEs Enable Efficient and Precise Genome Editing in Mammalian Cells and In Vivo.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Computation and Structure-Guided Arginine Scanning Engineers a Hyperactive AP Endonuclease for Multiplex Viral RNA Sensing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Comparative characterization of Cas12f orthologs reveals mechanistic features underlying enhanced genome editing efficiency.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Diversity and evolution of archaeal immune strategies.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Structural visualization of the molecular evolution of CRISPR-Cas9.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Gene Surfing: An efficient and versatile tool for targeted enzyme mining in metagenomics.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025Article
- Engineering a CRISPR-associated IscB system for developing miniature genome-editing tools in human cells and mouse embryos.Nature communications · 2025Article
- And… cut! - how conformational regulation of CRISPR-Cas effectors directs nuclease activity.The Biochemical journal · 2025Review
- Structural insights into Type II-D Cas9 and its robust cleavage activity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Insights into the compact CRISPR-Cas9d system.Nature communications · 2025Article
- DNA targeting by compact Cas9d and its resurrected ancestor.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Biology and applications of CRISPR-Cas12 and transposon-associated homologs.Nature biotechnology · 2024Review
- CRISPR beyond: harnessing compact RNA-guided endonucleases for enhanced genome editing.Science China. Life sciences · 2024Review
- Innate programmable DNA binding by CRISPR-Cas12m effectors enable efficient base editing.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- CasPEDIA Database: a functional classification system for class 2 CRISPR-Cas enzymes.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Mini-PE, a prime editor with compact Cas9 and truncated reverse transcriptase.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Identification of the EH CRISPR-Cas9 system on a metagenome and its application to genome engineering.Microbial biotechnology · 2023Article
- Genome editing with natural and engineered CjCas9 orthologs.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- In the business of base editors: Evolution from bench to bedside.PLoS biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Programmable, RNA-guided nucleases are diverse enzymes that have been repurposed for biotechnological applications. However, to further expand the therapeutic application of these tools there is a need for targetable systems that are small enough to be delivered efficiently. Here, we mined an extensive genome-resolved metagenomics database and identified families of uncharacterized RNA-guided, compact nucleases (between 450 and 1,050 aa). We report that Cas9d, a new CRISPR type II subtype, contains Zinc-finger motifs and high arginine content, features that we also found in nucleases related to HEARO effectors. These enzymes exhibit diverse biochemical characteristics and are broadly targetable. We show that natural Cas9d enzymes are capable of genome editing in mammalian cells with >90% efficiency, and further engineered nickase variants into the smallest base editors active in E. coli and human cells. Their small size, broad targeting potential, and translatability suggest that Cas9d and HEARO systems will enable a variety of genome editing applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.