ArticleNPJ vaccines2022
Comparing hybrid and regular COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity against the Omicron epidemic.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prior infections and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in test-negative studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Outcomes Among Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19 from May 2021 to January 2023.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Coordinated early immune response in the lungs is required for effective control of SARS-CoV-2 replication.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Incidence and risk factors for falls among nursing home residents in Italy: a retrospective cohort study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of a single COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Post-acute sequelae of hospitalised COVID-19 re-infection compared with hospitalised first-time infection: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Hong Kong.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Comparing the protection of heterologous booster of inhaled Ad5-nCoV vaccine and hybrid immunity against Omicron BA.5 infection: a cohort study of hospital staff in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Population Behavior Changes Underlying Phasic Shifts of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Settings Across 3 Omicron Epidemic Waves in Hong Kong: Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Progress with COVID vaccine development and implementation.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Protection from prior natural infection vs. vaccination against SARS-CoV-2-a statistical note to avoid biased interpretation.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Estimating the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Costa Rica: modelling seroprevalence data in a population-based cohort.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- Analyzing the emerging patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants for the development of next-gen vaccine: An observational study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Investigating the impact of prior COVID-19 on IgG antibody and interferon γ responses after BBIBP-CorV vaccination in a disease endemic population: A prospective observational study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection and related hospital admission among people with substance use disorder in Hong Kong: a matched case-control study.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2023Article
- Comparison of Vaccination and Booster Rates and Their Impact on Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in European Countries.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Risk of Repeated Adverse Effects following Booster Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine: Results from the MOSAICO Study.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Comparison of vaccination and booster rates and their impact on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in European countries.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- An ecological study on reinfection rates using a large dataset of RT-qPCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in Santiago of Chile.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among people who recovered from a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is warranted to inform vaccination recommendations. Using the territory-wide public healthcare and vaccination records of over 2.5 million individuals in Hong Kong, we examined the potentially differential risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and mortality between those receiving two homologous doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac versus those with a previous infection receiving only one dose amid the Omicron epidemic. Results show a single dose after a SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a lower risk of infection (BNT162b2: adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.475, 95% CI: 0.410-0.550; CoronaVac: adjusted IRR = 0.397, 95% CI: 0.309-0.511) and no significant difference was detected in the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality compared with a two-dose vaccination regimen. Findings support clinical recommendations that those with a previous infection could receive a single dose to gain at least similar protection as those who received two doses without a previous infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.