Observational studyBMJ open2022
Incremental medical cost of delirium in elderly patients with cognitive impairment: analysis of a nationwide administrative database in Japan.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of melatonin on the prevention of delirium in hospitalized older patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2024Pooled it
- Suvorexant for Reduction of Delirium in Older Adults After Hospitalization: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Association of Inpatient Prescribing of First-Generation Antihistamines With Delirium in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Medical staff's knowledge of delirium by occupation and the effectiveness of an on-demand e-learning.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Neurological diagnostic tests for patients with and without delirium: a prospective observational study.GeroScience · 2024Observational
- Delirium Diagnosis, Complication Recognition, and Treatment Knowledge among Nurses in an Italian Local Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesDelirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder that commonly occurs in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. The economic burden of delirium in Japan has not been well characterised. In this study, we assessed incremental medical costs of delirium in hospitalised elderly Japanese patients with cognitive impairment.
designRetrospective, cross-sectional, observational study.
settingAdministrative data collected from acute care hospitals in Japan between April 2012 and September 2020.
participantsHospitalised patients ≥65 years old with cognitive impairment were categorised into groups-with and without delirium. Delirium was identified using a delirium identification algorithm based on the International Classification of Diseases 10 OUTCOME MEASURES: Total medical costs during hospitalisation were compared between the groups using a generalised linear model.
resultsThe study identified 297 600 hospitalised patients ≥65 years of age with cognitive impairment: 39 836 had delirium and 257 764 did not. Patient characteristics such as age, sex, inpatient department and comorbidities were similar between groups. Mean (SD) unadjusted total medical cost during hospitalisation was 979 907.7 (871 366.4) yen for patients with delirium and 816 137.0 (794 745.9) yen for patients without delirium. Adjusted total medical cost was significantly greater for patients with delirium compared with those without delirium (cost ratio=1.09, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.10; p<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed significantly higher total medical costs for patients with delirium compared with those without delirium in most subgroups except patients with hemiplegia or paraplegia.
conclusionsMedical costs during hospitalisation were significantly higher for patients with delirium compared with those without delirium in elderly Japanese patients with cognitive impairment, regardless of patient subgroups such as age, sex, intensive care unit admission and most comorbidities. These findings suggest that delirium prevention strategies are critical to reducing the economic burden as well as psychological/physiological burden in cognitively impaired elderly patients in Japan.
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