SynthesisPloS one2022
The lead and cadmium content in rice and risk to human health in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health risk assessment of combined exposure to heavy metals diazinon and mycotoxins in Iranian rice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dietary risk analysis of heavy metal and metalloid pollution in rice: case study of Nanning City in China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Concentration of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Indonesian Rice and Their Health Risk Assessment.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Zinc-Mediated Defenses Against Toxic Heavy Metals and Metalloids: Mechanisms, Immunomodulation, and Therapeutic Relevance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Selected Elements in Veterinary Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Using ICP-MS.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Specificity and Selectivity of Raman Spectroscopy for the Detection of Dose-Dependent Heavy Metal Toxicities.Plant direct · 2025Article
- Effects of Trace Elements on Endocrine Function and Pathogenesis of Thyroid Diseases-A Literature Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Action plan strategies for a new approach to the combination of yeast and ultrasonic waves for the reduction of heavy metal residues in rice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to lead exposure in China: a comprehensive analysis of data from 1990 to 2019.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Non-Uniform Bioaccumulation of Lead and Arsenic in Two Remote Regions of the Human Heart's Left Ventricle: A Post-Mortem Study.Biomolecules · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in rice in China, but have come to divergent conclusions. Therefore we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the available evidence on levels of Pb and Cd in rice in different regions of China in order to assess the potential risk to human health. The meta-analysis included 24 studies of Pb levels and 29 studies of Cd levels, published in 2011-2021. The pooled Pb concentration in rice was 0.10 mg per kg dry weight (95% CI 0.08-0.11), while the pooled Cd concentration was 0.16 mg per kg dry weight (95% CI 0.14-0.18). These levels are within the limits specified by national food safety standards. However, the total target hazard quotient for both metals exceeded 1.0 for adults and children, suggesting that rice consumption poses a health risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.