ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2023
Exploring the intersectionality of race/ethnicity with rurality on breast cancer outcomes: SEER analysis, 2000-2016.
Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ethnoracial disparities in breast cancer treatment time and survival: a systematic review with a DAG-based causal model.Epidemiologic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Examining the Role of the Social Vulnerability Index in the Association between Race/Ethnicity and Breast Cancer Outcomes.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Access Challenges in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: Identifying At-Risk US States by Exploring Social Vulnerability, Physician Density, and Unmet Need.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- Large Language Models for Breast and Cervical Cancers Communication: Mixed Methods Evaluation Study Assessing Linguistic Quality, Safety, and Accessibility.JMIR cancer · 2026Article
- Differences in Breast Cancer Care Between Rural Women Undergoing Treatment at a Referral Center and Those Treated Locally.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Rural-urban disparities in breast cancer incidence among US women aged 20-49: trends by race/ethnicity, stage, poverty, and state from 2000-2019.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Stage at Diagnosis for Common Cancers according to Rurality, Area Deprivation, and Insurance, 2017 to 2021.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Determinants of utilization of infertility services by race and ethnicity in a state with a comprehensive infertility mandate.Fertility and sterility · 2025Article
- A Retrospective Chart Analysis Comparing Breast Cancer Detection Rates Between Annual Versus Biennial Mammograms.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2024Article
- Disparities in Cancer Stage of Diagnosis by Rurality in California, 2015 to 2019.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- History of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2024Article
- Investigating the association between educational attainment and allostatic load with risk of cancer mortality among African American women.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Investigating the Association between Educational Attainment and Allostatic Load with Risk of Cancer Mortality among African American Women.Research square · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDisparities in breast cancer survival have been observed within marginalized racial/ethnic groups and within the rural-urban continuum for decades. We examined whether there were differences among the intersectionality of race/ethnicity and rural residence on breast cancer outcomes.
methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis among 739,448 breast cancer patients using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 18 registries years 2000 through 2016. We conducted multilevel logistic-regression and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and hazard ratios (AHRs), respectively, for breast cancer outcomes including surgical treatment, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, late-stage disease, and risk of breast cancer death. Rural was defined as 2013 Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) of 4 or greater.
resultsCompared with non-Hispanic white-urban (NH-white-U) women, NH-black-U, NH-black-rural (R), Hispanic-U, and Hispanic-R women, respectively, were at increased odds of no receipt of surgical treatment (NH-black-U, AOR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.91-2.05; NH-black-R, AOR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.52-1.94; Hispanic-U, AOR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.52-1.65; and Hispanic-R, AOR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.18-1.67), late-stage diagnosis (NH-black-U, AOR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.29-1.34; NH-black-R, AOR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.22-1.36; Hispanic-U, AOR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.23-1.27; and Hispanic-R, AOR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.08-1.27), and increased risks for breast cancer death (NH-black-U, AHR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.43-1.50; NH-black-R, AHR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.32-1.53; and Hispanic-U, AHR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.13).
conclusionRegardless of rurality, NH-black and Hispanic women had significantly increased odds of late-stage diagnosis, no receipt of treatment, and risk of breast cancer death.
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