ArticleToxicology reports2022
Article in Toxicology reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Graphene Oxide and Methylglyoxal: a combined strategy against chronic wound pathogens.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Evaluating cellular responses of lung and liver cells to graphene oxide functionalized poly(propylene)imine and polyamidoamine dendrimers: insights for biomedical applications.Discover nano · 2026Article
- Integrated assessment of graphene oxide and graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles: from synthesis to in vitro biological impact on zebrafish (Danio rerio) cell models.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- [Research progress of electroactivity graphene-based materials in bone repair].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Review
- Graphene oxide-microplastic hybrid showcase elicited discrepancy through intrinsic interaction mediated steatosis, and apoptosis in macrophages.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Graphene Triggers Inflammation in Murine Microglia via Phagocytosis.Small science · 2026Article
- Cell Toxicity and Autophagy in A549 Cells Treated With Surface-Functionalized Graphene Derivatives.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Toxic or non-toxic: a critical assessment of the contradictory results for selected graphene family materials.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Advanced Flexible Bioelectrodes for Next-Generation Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerators.International journal of biomaterials · 2026Article
- Quercetin-Loaded Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Modulate Inflammatory Gene Expression and Enhance Cell Migration In Vitro.ChemistryOpen · 2025Article
- Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertrophy in H9c2 Cells Reveals Severe Cytotoxicity of Graphene Oxide.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Review
- Oriented Graphene Oxide Scaffold Promotes Nerve Regeneration in vitro and in vivo.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Caco-2 Cell Line Standardization with Pharmaceutical Requirements and In Vitro Model Suitability for Permeability Assays.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Impact of Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro Procedure on the Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Reduced Graphene Oxide.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nanomaterial-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review on Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes and Nanocellulose.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Review
- Cytotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerenes, and Dots.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Insights of Platinum Drug Interaction with Spinel Magnetic Nanocomposites for Targeted Anti-Cancer Effect.Cancers · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Graphene derivatives are expected to have a great impact in a wide range of applications, among them as food packaging materials. This is one of the sources of potential human oral exposure to them. However, studies devoted to investigating their putative toxic effects at the intestinal level are underrepresented in the scientific literature. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro toxicity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene oxide (GO) in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line. rGO and GO were firstly characterized and later, cell viability was assessed after exposure to 0-250 µg/mL rGO/GO for 24 and 48 h. Internalization was evidenced for both materials using transmission electron microscopy. A mean effective concentration (24 h) of 176.3 ± 7.6 µg/mL for cytotoxicity was obtained for rGO, whereas GO did not induce any change at the concentration range evaluated. However, both of them altered oxidative stress biomarkers, causing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of the glutathione content (GSH) after exposures up to 24 h. Further studies, particularly with rGO, are required to elucidate their toxicity profile in experimental models relevant for oral exposures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.