ArticleBMJ open2022
Low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study from a Danish diabetes outpatient clinic.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucose homeostasis and cognitive functions in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Estimated glucose disposal rate and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus type I: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetes & vascular disease researchPooled it
- Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation has no anti-inflammatory effect in diabetes.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Review
- Meta-Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Theoretical, Methodological, and Clinical Aspects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The causal relationship between diabetes mellitus and hashimoto thyroiditis: A two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.Medicine · 2026Article
- Severity of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Is Linked to Increasing Levels of Circulating Proinflammatory Cytokines.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Observational
- Sex-specific efficacy of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles and insulin for ocular-cardiac complications in type 2 diabetes mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Cardiorenal Protective Effects of Finerenone in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Archives of internal medicine research · 2026Article
- Axonal regeneration and hyperglycemia in wound healing: a review on the role of activin A, TNFRSF10B, and Synaptophysin.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes: the silent burden unmasked by eGDR.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Diabetes status is associated with greater disease severity in hidradenitis suppurativa.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Article
- An interpretable machine learning model for predicting 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Association of ABO Gene rs2073823 Polymorphism with Microvascular Complications, sP-Selectin Levels and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Article
- Examining the role of systemic inflammation as a mediator of the glycaemia-brain volume associations in women.PloS one · 2026Article
- Exploring the Potential of Nuciferine in Diabetes ManagementCurrent medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- GATA-Biology · 2025Article
- Long COVID and the development of new-onset uveitis: a large database study.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Dexamethasone enhances intestinal glucose absorption and TMPRSS2 expression with implications for hyperglycaemia and infection risk.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies to Predict the Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of Action ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes and explore associations to clinical aspects as well as microvascular and macrovascular complications.
designCross-sectional analysis.
settingThe outpatient diabetes clinic at the Department of Endocrinology at Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.
participants100 participants with type 2 diabetes confirmed by a haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)≥6.5% for a minimum of 1 year and 21 healthy controls. OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels of 27 inflammation-related biomarkers measured by immunoassay. Associations with microvascular and macrovascular complications, body weight, glycaemic control, medication and sex were investigated in the diabetes cohort.
resultsSerum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and eotaxin were elevated in type 2 diabetes (p<0.05), while interleukin (IL)-7 was decreased (p<0.001). IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels were increased with body weight (p<0.05), while eotaxin and TNF-α were increased with elevated HbA1c levels (p<0.04). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy was associated with lower levels of induced protein-10, MDC and thymus and activation regulated chemokine (p<0.02), while females had higher levels of MDC (p=0.027). Individuals with ≥3 diabetic complications had elevated levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-15 and CRP compared with those with ≤3 (p<0.05).
conclusionThe level of low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes is associated with obesity, glycaemic regulation, therapeutical management, sex and complications. Our results underline the importance of addressing inflammatory issues in type 2 diabetes, as these may predispose for crippling comorbidities.
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