ArticleBMJ case reports2022
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in an adult following treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Article in BMJ case reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- The DRESS/HLH Overlap Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Clinical Features, Triggers, and Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A Narrative Review of Drug-Induced Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare but Relevant Differential Diagnosis.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026Review
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Pediatric Lung Transplant Recipient.Pediatric transplantation · 2025Article
- Article
- Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and risk of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): a literature review and disproportionality analysis using individual case safety reports from FAERS.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Review
- Pancytopenia With Subsequent Diagnosis of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Middle-Aged Male.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive hyperinflammatory haematological condition often associated with malignancy, infection or rheumatological disorders. HLH has rarely been associated with medications, including antibiotics. We describe a case of a patient without significant medical history who presented with HLH following treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Additionally, we will discuss the possible mechanism of medication-induced HLH as well as the successful use of dexamethasone as the sole treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment of this disease is critical and medication-induced HLH should be considered in cases without a clear aetiology. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of TMP/SMX-induced HLH that was successfully treated with steroid monotherapy and just the second case report of TMP/SMX-induced HLH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.