Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36516969›Full record

ArticleApplied clinical informatics2022

Integrating a Patient Engagement App into an Electronic Health Record-Enabled Workflow Using Interoperability Standards.

David F Lobach, Aziz Boxwala, Nitu Kashyap, Krysta Heaney-Huls, Andrew B Chiao, Thomas Rafter, Edwin A Lomotan, Michael I Harrison, Chris Dymek, James Swiger and 1 more

Abstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Applied clinical informatics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Unlocking the Potential of mHealth: Integrating Behaviour Change Techniques in Hypertension App Design.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Strengthening Cybersecurity for Patient Data Protection in Europe.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

David F LobachElimu Informatics, El Cerrito, California, United States.
Aziz BoxwalaElimu Informatics, El Cerrito, California, United States.
Nitu KashyapYale New Haven Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States.
Krysta Heaney-HulsNORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
Andrew B ChiaoNORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.
Thomas RafterYale New Haven Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States.
Edwin A LomotanCenter for Evidence and Practice Improvement, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, United States.
Michael I HarrisonCenter for Evidence and Practice Improvement, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, United States.
Chris DymekCenter for Evidence and Practice Improvement, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, United States.
James SwigerCenter for Evidence and Practice Improvement, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, United States.
Prashila DullabhNORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, Maryland, United States.

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville HHSP233201500023INCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatient use of mobile health applications is increasing. To promote patient-centered care, data from these apps must be integrated into clinician workflows within the electronic health record (EHR). Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) offers a standards-based application programming interface (API) that may support such integration.

objectiveWe aimed to use interoperability standards to integrate a patient mobile application (coronavirus 2019 [COVID-19] Tracker) with an EHR. The COVID-19 Tracker engages patients by sending introductory and reminder text messages, collecting vital signs and symptom data from COVID-19 patients, and providing actionable guidance if concerning issues are identified. This case report explored the use of FHIR APIs to integrate the app into EHR-enabled clinical workflows.

methodsThe authors used notes from project meetings and from semistructured discussions among the application development team to track the design and implementation processes. Seven points of integration between the application and the EHR were identified, and approaches using FHIR to perform these integrations were delineated.

resultsAlthough this clinical decision support integration project benefited from its standards-based approach, many challenges were encountered. These were due to (1) partial implementation of the FHIR standard in the EHR, particularly, components needed for patient engagement applications; (2) limited experience with the adoption of FHIR standards; and (3) gaps in the current FHIR standard. Alternative approaches, often not based on interoperability standards, were developed to overcome these limitations.

conclusionDespite the challenges encountered due to the early stages of FHIR development and adoption, FHIR standards provide a promising mechanism for overcoming longstanding barriers and facilitating the integration of patient engagement apps with EHRs. To accelerate the integration of apps into clinical workflows, additional components of the FHIR standard must be implemented within the EHR and other clinical systems. Continued expansion of available FHIR resources will help with tighter workflow integration.

Indexed as

COVID-19Mobile ApplicationsElectronic Health RecordsHealth Level SevenHumansPatient ParticipationWorkflow

Identifiers

PMID36516969
PMCPMC9750793

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.