Trial reportPloS one2022
Chlorhexidine and octenidine susceptibility of bacterial isolates from clinical samples in a three-armed cluster randomised decolonisation trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short- and long-term impact of aseptic bathing strategies on the skin microbiome in ICU patients.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Trial
- Effects of daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine compared to bathing with soap and water on risk of death, clinical severity, and intensive care unit length of stay in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Towards Antimicrobial Formulations of Repurposed Drugs and Cationic Surfactants: Efficacy, Cytotoxicity on Human Cell Lines, and Ecotoxicity in Aquatic Models.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Octenidine Against Emerging Dermatophyte Species.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- Triscationic bolaamphiphilic QACs - optimizing antibacterial therapeutic indices.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Structure-Function Insights into Quinuclidine-3-One BisQACs: Synthesis, Modulation of Bacterial Resistance, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Biological Profiling.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Octenidine effectively reduces Candida auris colonisation on human skin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Color stability of frequently used aesthetic restorative materials following in vitro exposure to chlorhexidine- and octenidine-based mouthrinses.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Biocide resistance inInfection prevention in practice · 2024Review
- Clinical Evidence for the Use of Octenidine Dihydrochloride to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections and DecreasePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRoutine use of chlorhexidine or octenidine for antiseptic bathing may have unintended consequences. Our analysis aimed to assess the phenotypic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from clinical samples to chlorhexidine and octenidine collected from intensive care units (ICU) that routinely used 2% chlorhexidine-impregnated wash cloths or 0.08% octenidine wash mitts (intervention) or water and soap (control) for daily patient care.
methodsThis study was conducted within the context of a three armed cluster-randomised controlled decolonisation trial (Registration number DRKS00010475, registration date August 18, 2016). Bacterial isolates were collected prior to and at the end of a 12-month-intervention period from patients with ≥ 3 days length of stay at an ICU assigned to one of two intervention groups or the control group. Phenotypic susceptibility to chlorhexidine and octenidine was assessed by an accredited contract research laboratory determining minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as percentage of extraction solutions used. MIC were reported as estimated concentrations in μg/ml derived from the chlorhexidine and octenidine extraction solutions. Statistical analyses including generalized estimating equation models were applied.
resultsIn total, 790 ICU-attributable bacterial isolates from clinical samples (e.g. blood, urine, tracheal aspirate) were eligible for all analyses. Pathogens included were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 155), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS, n = 122), Escherichia coli (n = 227), Klebsiella spp. (n = 150) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 136). For all species, chlorhexidine and octenidine MIC did not increase from baseline to intervention period in the antiseptic bathing groups. For proportions of bacterial isolates with elevated chlorhexidine / octenidine MIC (≥ species-specific chlorhexidine / octenidine MIC50), adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) showed no differences between the intervention groups and the control group (intervention period).
conclusionWe found no evidence for reduced phenotypic susceptibilities of bacterial isolates from clinical samples to chlorhexidine or octenidine in ICUs 12 months after implementation of routine antiseptic bathing with the respective substances.
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