ArticlePrimary health care research & development2022
Barriers to healthcare and their relationship to well-being and social support for autistic adults during COVID-19.
Article in Primary health care research & development, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Barriers to accessing healthcare for people with disabilities:a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Enhancing inclusion of neurodivergent participants in medical research: an intersectional inclusion-by-design approach.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Social-emotional well-being in the context of health care: concept analysis.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2026Review
- Experiences and perceptions of physical healthcare among adult autistic patients: A scoping review.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2025Review
- Health and Health Care Access of Autistic Transgender and Nonbinary People in Canada: A Cross-Sectional Study.Autism in adulthood · 2025Article
- Disabled people's experiences accessing healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.BMC health services research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimThe present study aimed to investigate barriers to healthcare and their relationships to social and emotional well-being and intersectional inequalities for autistic adults during COVID-19 restrictions in the UK.
backgroundAutistic adults experience severe health inequalities and report more barriers to accessing health services compared to other both disabled and non-disabled populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many areas of society that may have increased vulnerability of autistic people to social and health inequalities, including delivery of healthcare from in-person to remote methods.
methodOne hundred twenty-eight autistic adults who lived in the UK took part in an online survey. Measures included the Barriers to Healthcare Checklist (Short Form) and PROMIS outcome measure bank to assess emotional well-being and social support. Participants rated their agreement with items, retrospectively considering three different points of the trajectory of COVID-19 restrictions: before COVID-19, during the first lockdown in spring 2020, and in the month prior to taking the survey during autumn 2020. They completed a follow-up survey six months later to continue to assess change as restrictions in the UK were eased.
findingsThe average number of barriers to healthcare showed no significant change between all four time points. However, the nature of barriers to healthcare changed at the point of lockdown and persisted beyond the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. Barriers to healthcare were associated with some social and emotional well-being variables and demographic groups including gender, education and presence of additional disabilities. The findings may help to identify areas to target to improve access to both remote and in-person health systems for autistic people as modes of delivery continue to change over time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.