Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36513155›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2023

Diabetic Retinopathy and Dementia Association, Beyond Diabetes Severity.

Cecilia S Lee, Chloe Krakauer, Yu-Ru Su, Rod L Walker, Marian Blazes, Susan M McCurry, James D Bowen, Wayne C McCormick, Aaron Y Lee, Edward J Boyko and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  8. Diabetic retinopathy and Alzheimer's disease: Convergence of the unfolded protein response in neurodegeneration.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Cecilia S LeeDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.S.L., M.B., A.Y.L.); Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.S.L., M.B., A.Y.L.). Electronic address: leecs2@uw.edu.
Chloe KrakauerDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.K.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.K., Y-R.S., R.L.W., E.B.L.).
Yu-Ru SuKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.K., Y-R.S., R.L.W., E.B.L.).
Rod L WalkerKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.K., Y-R.S., R.L.W., E.B.L.).
Marian BlazesDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.S.L., M.B., A.Y.L.); Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.S.L., M.B., A.Y.L.).
Susan M McCurrySchool of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (S.M.M.).
James D BowenDepartment of Neurology, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (J.D.B.).
Wayne C McCormickDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (W.C.M., E.J.B, E.B.L., P.K.C.).
Aaron Y LeeDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.S.L., M.B., A.Y.L.); Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.S.L., M.B., A.Y.L.).
Edward J BoykoDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (W.C.M., E.J.B, E.B.L., P.K.C.); Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington, USA (E.J.B., A.M.O).
Ann M O'HareVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, Washington, USA (E.J.B., A.M.O).
Eric B LarsonKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA (C.K., Y-R.S., R.L.W., E.B.L.); Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (W.C.M., E.J.B, E.B.L., P.K.C.).
Paul K CraneDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (W.C.M., E.J.B, E.B.L., P.K.C.).
University of Washington · USKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute · USSwedish Medical Center · USVA Puget Sound Health Care System · US

Funding

Translational pharmacoepidemiology: neuroprotection and neurotoxicity of antihypertensives and strong anticholinergicsU19AG066567 · NIA · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI CHRISTOPHER DIRK KEENE · 2021 to 2026
$80.4M
Aging eyes and aging brains in studying alzheimer's disease: Modern ophthalmic data collection in the adult changes in thought (ACT) studyR01AG060942 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Cecilia Sungmin Lee · 2019 to 2026
$39.4M
Furthering scientific understanding of mechanisms underlying resilience to the effects of AD pathology by incorporating state of the art quantification of gliosis, inflammation, & synaptic toxicityU01AG006781 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CRANE, PAUL K, LARSON, ERIC B · 1986 to 2020
$39.3M
Bridge2AI:Salutogenesis Data Generation ProjectOT2OD032644 · OD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BAXTER, SALLY LIU, CHUTE, CHRISTOPHER G · 2022 to 2025
$32.7M
Multi-modal Health Information Technology Innovations for Precision Management of GlaucomaDP5OD029610 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BAXTER, SALLY LIU · 2020 to 2024
$2.1M
Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of diabetic macular edemaK23EY029246 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI LEE, AARON · 2018 to 2022
$1.1M
NEI NIH HHS K23 EY029246NIA NIH HHS R01 AG060942NIA NIH HHS U01 AG006781NIA NIH HHS U19 AG066567NIH HHS DP5 OD029610NIH HHS OT2 OD032644
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo investigate whether associations between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain significant after controlling for several measures of diabetes severity.

designRetrospective cohort study.

methodsAdult Changes in Thought (ACT) is a prospective cohort study of adults aged ≥65 years, randomly selected and recruited from the membership rolls of Kaiser Permanente Washington, who are dementia free at enrollment and followed biennially until incident dementia. The ACT participants were included in this study if they had type 2 diabetes mellitus at enrollment or developed it during follow-up, and data were collected through September, 2018 (3516 person-years of follow-up). Diabetes was defined by ≥ 2 diabetes medication fills in 1 year. Diagnosis of DR was based on International Classification of Diseases Ninth and Tenth Revision codes. Estimates of microalbuminuria, long-term glycemia, and renal function from longitudinal laboratory records were used as indicators of diabetes severity. Alzheimer's disease and dementia were diagnosed using research criteria at expert consensus meetings.

resultsA total of 536 participants (median baseline age 75 [interquartile range 71-80], 54% women) met inclusion criteria. Significant associations between DR >5 years duration with dementia (hazard ratio 1.81 [95% CI 1.23, 2.65]) and AD (1.80 [1.15, 2.82]) were not altered by adjustment for estimates of microalbuminuria, long-term glycemia, and renal function (dementia: 1.69 [1.14, 2.50]; AD: 1.73 [1.10, 2.74]).

conclusionsAmong people with type 2 diabetes, DR itself appears to be an important biomarker of dementia risk in addition to glycemia and renal complications.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyAdultFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID36513155
PMCPMC10106379
OpenAlexW4311256030

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.