ArticlePloS one2022
Catastrophic health expenditure on chronic non-communicable diseases among elder population: A cross-sectional study from a sub-metropolitan city of Eastern Nepal.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers to help-seeking for cancer in India: A scoping review.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Catastrophic and impoverishing impacts of health expenditures: a focus on non-communicable diseases in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Assessing Household Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Non-communicable Diseases in a 4Acta medica Philippina · 2025Article
- Navigating Nepal's health financing system: A road to universal health coverage amid epidemiological and demographic transitions.PloS one · 2025Article
- Assessing catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment in adult asthma care: a cross-sectional study of patients attending six public health clinics in Klang District, Malaysia.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Households catastrophic health expenditure among older people with noncommunicable diseases: A cross-sectional study from Iran.Health science reports · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThis study was conducted with the objective to analyze the out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditure and catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) on chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) among the elderly population, and the association of CHE on CNCD with associated factors among the same population. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe collected data from the elderly population of Dharan Sub-metropolitan city of the Eastern Nepal via door-to-door survey and face-to-face interview. The ten wards out of twenty were chosen by lottery method, and the equal proportion out of 280 samples was purposively chosen from each of ten wards (28 participants from each selected ward). The data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2019 v16.0 and statistical analysis was performed by using statistical package for social sciences, IBM SPSS® v21. The chi-square test was used to test the group differences. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine independent factors associated with CHE (all variables with P < 0.20), and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated at 95% confidence interval (CI).
resultsThe median household, food and health expenditures were 95325 (72112.50-126262.50), 45000 (33000-60000) and 2100 (885.00-6107.50) NPR respectively. The proportion of the participants with CHE was 14.6%. The single living participants had 3.4 times higher odds of catastrophic health expenditure (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.2-9.6, P-value = 0.022) than those who are married. Similarly, those who had cancer had 0.1 times lower odds of CHE (AOR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.0-0.2, P-value = <0.001) than those without cancer.
conclusionThe elder population had significant financial health shocks due to chronic health ailments. There should be the provision of mandatory health insurance programmes for elderly to cut down the catastrophic healthcare expenditure. Similarly, there should be the provision of exemption scheme for vulnerable elderly who are more likely to face catastrophic expenditure from all available health facilities.
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