ArticleBMC microbiology2022
Gut microbiota analyses of Saudi populations for type 2 diabetes-related phenotypes reveals significant association.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Microbiome and One Health in GCC countries: current status, research gaps, and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- The Gut Microbiota-Astrocyte Axis: New Insights into the Mechanisms of Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Cross-Cultural Nutritional Epigenomics: Diet and Microbiome Interactions Shaping Type 2 Diabetes in Arab and Western Populations.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolic pathways reveals key microbial and metabolomic alterations in diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Metabolic Model of Accelerated Aging - Multi-Organ Mechanisms and Intervention Approaches.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- 1-Deoxynojirimycin with theaflavins ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice by modulating the gut microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Gut microbiome in adult Asians with obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and a combination of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Bioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2025Review
- Review
- Integrative Metagenomic Analyses Reveal Gut Microbiota-Derived Multiple Hits Connected to Development of Diabetes Mellitus.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Longitudinal profiling of the microbiome at four body sites reveals core stability and individualized dynamics during health and disease.Cell host & microbe · 2024Article
- Review
- Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing Reveals Specific Human Gut Microbiota Associated with Insulin Resistance and Body Fat Distribution in Saudi Women.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Association of the gut microbiota with clinical variables in obese and lean Emirati subjects.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- The contribution of gastrointestinal microbiota in the existence of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia: Current information and perspectives.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLarge-scale gut microbiome sequencing has revealed key links between microbiome dysfunction and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). To date, these efforts have largely focused on Western populations, with few studies assessing T2D microbiota associations in Middle Eastern communities where T2D prevalence is now over 20%. We analyzed the composition of stool 16S rRNA from 461 T2D and 119 non-T2D participants from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. We quantified the abundance of microbial communities to examine any significant differences between subpopulations of samples based on diabetes status and glucose level.
resultsIn this study we performed the largest microbiome study ever conducted in Saudi Arabia, as well as the first-ever characterization of gut microbiota T2D versus non-T2D in this population. We observed overall positive enrichment within diabetics compared to healthy individuals and amongst diabetic participants; those with high glucose levels exhibited slightly more positive enrichment compared to those at lower risk of fasting hyperglycemia. In particular, the genus Firmicutes was upregulated in diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetic individuals, and T2D was associated with an elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, consistent with previous findings.
conclusionBased on diabetes status and glucose levels of Saudi participants, relatively stable differences in stool composition were perceived by differential abundance and alpha diversity measures. However, community level differences are evident in the Saudi population between T2D and non-T2D individuals, and diversity patterns appear to vary from well-characterized microbiota from Western cohorts. Comparing overlapping and varying patterns in gut microbiota with other studies is critical to assessing novel treatment options in light of a rapidly growing T2D health epidemic in the region. As a rapidly emerging chronic condition in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East, T2D burdens have grown more quickly and affect larger proportions of the population than any other global region, making a regional reference T2D-microbiome dataset critical to understanding the nuances of disease development on a global scale.
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