ArticleVaccine2023
Inequalities in infant vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic: A population-based study in Peru.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inequalities in complete pneumococcal vaccination among Peruvian children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: An evaluation using demographic and health surveys from 2018 to 2023.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- COVID-19 burden in the paediatric population in Latin America during vaccine rollout: a real-world study using national surveillance data.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- The role of the media in the coverage of childhood vaccination in children under two years of age in Peru, ENDES 2021-2024.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Inequality in Childhood Immunization Coverage: A Scoping Review of Data Sources, Analyses, and Reporting Methods.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Overcoming Health Inequities: Spatial Analysis of Seroprevalence and Vaccination Against COVID-19 in Chile.Health equity · 2024Article
- Vaccination coverage in rural Burkina Faso under the effects of COVID-19: evidence from a panel study in eight districts.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Vaccine-derived polio in Peru after 32 years of elimination: reflections on the routine childhood immunisation coverages.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- Inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination coverage in Peru: An ecological study.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo identify the associated factors and assess the inequalities of full vaccination coverage (FVC) among Peruvian infants aged 12-23 months during the COVID-19 pandemic in a nationally representative sample.
methodsWe carried out a population-based cross-sectional study based on a secondary data analysis using the 2021 Peruvian Demographic Health Survey (DHS) in infants aged 12 to 23 months. The sampling design was probabilistic, multistage, stratified, and independent at both departmental and area of residence levels. FVC was defined according to the WHO definition. We performed generalized linear models (GLM) Poisson family log link function to estimate crude (aPR) and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR). Also, for inequality assessment, we calculated the concentration curve (CC), concentration index (CI), and Erreygers normalized concentration index (ECI).
resultsWe included 4,189 infants in our analysis. Nationwide, the prevalence of FVC was 66.19% (95% CI: 64.33-68). Being younger, having a mother with no education or primary education, belonging to a large family, having no access to mass media, having had six or fewer ANC visits, and having a mother whose age was under 20 at first delivery were inversely associated with FVC. Meanwhile, living in the Highlands or on the rest of the coast, and living in rural areas were directly associated with FVC. We found a pro-rich inequality in FVC based on wealth-ranked households (CI: 0.0066; ECI: 0.0175).
conclusionFVC has dropped among Peruvian infants aged between 12 and 23 months. There were several factors associated with FVC. It was more concentrated among the better-off infants, although in low magnitude.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.