ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2023
Etiology of Acute Diarrheal Disease and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Children Younger Than 5 Years Old in Nepal.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Childhood diarrhoea attributed to enteropathogenic bacteria in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Aetiology of diarrhoea in children aged zero to nine years in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Seasonal Trends, Environmental Drivers, and Lessons Learned From the 2023 Cholera Outbreak in Chattogram, Bangladesh: A Descriptive Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Genomic Insights and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling of DiarrheagenicMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Laboratory-Based Surveillance and Genetic Diversity of Enteric Adenovirus Among Children in Argentina, 2022-2024.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Review
- Prevalence of paediatric diarrhoea in Arba minch government health institutions, Southern Ethiopia and associated factors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Understanding the etiology of diarrheal illness in Cambodia in a case-control study from 2020 to 2023.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Epidemiology and Genotyping of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children <5 Years in Sikkim, North East India.Journal of global infectious diseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children younger than 5 years in developing countries. Children from 3 to 60 months of age were recruited from two hospitals in Nepal- Bharatpur Hospital, Bharatpur, and Kanti Children's Hospital, Kathmandu-in 2006 to 2009. Stool specimens collected from 1,200 children with acute diarrhea (cases) and 1,200 children without diarrhea (control subjects) were examined for a broad range of enteropathogens by standard microbiology, including microscopy, enzyme immunoassay for viral pathogens (adenovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus) and protozoa (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica), as well as by using reverse transcription real-time polymerase for norovirus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Overall, rotavirus (22% versus 2%), norovirus (13% versus 7%), adenovirus (3% versus 0%), Shigella (6% versus 1%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (8% versus 4%), Vibrio (7% versus 0%), and Aeromonas (9% versus 3%) were identified significantly more frequently in cases than control subjects. Campylobacter, Plesiomonas, Salmonella, and diarrheagenic E. coli (enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enteroaggregative) were identified in similar proportions in diarrheal and non-diarrheal stools. Campylobacter was resistant to second-generation quinolone drugs (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), whereas Vibrio and Shigella were resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. This study documents the important role of rotavirus and norovirus in acute diarrhea in children younger than 5 years, followed by the bacteria Shigella, enterotoxigenic E. coli, Vibrio cholera, and Aeromonas. Data on the prevalence and epidemiology of enteropathogens identify potential pathogens for public health interventions, whereas pathogen antibiotic resistance pattern data may provide guidance on choice of therapy in clinical settings.
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