Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36508128›Full record

ArticleBiological trace element research2023

Race and Gender Differences in the Associations Between Cadmium Exposure and Bone Mineral Density in US Adults.

Ruijie Xie, Yiliang Liu, Jiusong Wang, Chenhao Zhang, Meimei Xiao, Mingjiang Liu, Ya Zhang

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Biological trace element research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. The association between blood cadmium levels and bone mineral density in U.S. adolescents aged 12-19 years.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025
    Article
  7. MethylEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ruijie XieDepartment of Hand & Microsurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
Yiliang LiuDepartment of Hand & Microsurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
Jiusong WangDepartment of Hand & Microsurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
Chenhao ZhangDepartment of Hand & Microsurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
Meimei XiaoDepartment of Hand & Microsurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
Mingjiang LiuDepartment of Hand & Microsurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
Ya ZhangDepartment of Gland Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China. 15575625260@163.com.
University of South China · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Several previous studies have found the deleterious effects of cadmium exposure on bone. However, studies on the effects of cadmium exposure on bone mineral density (BMD) in gender- and race-specific groups are still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cadmium exposure and BMD in adults and the gender and racial differences therein. Weighted multivariate regression, generalized weighted model, and smoothed curve fitting were used to explore the relationship between lumbar BMD with blood cadmium (B-Cd) and urine cadmium (U-Cd) based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In addition, subgroup analyses were further used to investigate the differential associations across gender and race. Of the 4335 adult participants. After adjusting for primary demographic variables, B-Cd [- 0.018 (- 0.028, - 0.008)] and U-Cd [- 0.010 (- 0.020, - 0.001)] were shown to be negatively related to lumbar BMD. In the fully adjusted model, the negative association between B-Cd and lumbar BMD was maintained [- 0.010 (- 0.018, - 0.002)]. In the subgroup analysis stratified by gender and race, this relationship was retained in females and non-Hispanic blacks. Furthermore, these negative associations were most pronounced among non-Hispanic black women [B-Cd and lumbar BMD, - 0.046 (- 0.076, - 0.017); U-Cd and lumbar BMD, -0.034 (- 0.063, - 0.006)]. Our findings suggest that there are significant sex and race differences in the negative association between cadmium exposure and BMD. This negative association was most prominent in non-Hispanic black females.

Indexed as

Bone DensityCadmiumAbsorptiometry, PhotonAdultFemaleHumansMaleNutrition SurveysSex FactorsCadmiumBlood cadmiumBone mineral densityMetalNHANESUrine cadmium

Identifiers

PMID36508128
OpenAlexW4311203093

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.