Nephrotic-range proteinuria and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis-like pattern caused by interferon-β1b in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

Interferon-beta (IFN-β) subtypes are widely used as immunomodulatory agents for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Although generally well tolerated, a growing number of reports have recently shown association of long-term IFN-β therapy with several types of glomerulonephritis. Here, we present the case of a 42-year-old woman with MS who developed nephrotic-range proteinuria after taking IFN-β1b for nine years. Initially, due to the presence of histological features consistent with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (granular IgA deposits in mesangial lesions), a tonsillectomy plus steroid pulse therapy was performed. However, proteinuria did not significantly decrease after these treatments. Therefore, a second renal biopsy was performed after three years, revealing a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis-like pattern without immune complex. Further immunofluorescence analysis showed attenuated IgA staining. Consequently, IFN-β1b was replaced with dimethyl fumarate, resulting in complete remission, with proteinuria decreasing to the level of 0.2 g/day. Although it is a rare adverse effect, physicians should pay careful attention to the symptoms and findings of nephritis during the follow-up of patients under treatment with this agent.