ArticleIndian journal of orthopaedics2022
Radiological Evaluation of the Phenotype of Indian Osteoarthritic Knees based on the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee Classification (CPAK).
Article in Indian journal of orthopaedics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) in children and adolescents : an analysis of 655 knees according to the CPAK classification.Bone & joint open · 2026Article
- The Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee Classification May be Unreliable With Advanced Knee Arthritis.Arthroplasty today · 2026Article
- Radiographic Accuracy and Consistency of Implant Placement Using the ROSALife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Deep Learning-Based Full-Process Automatic CPAK Classification System and Its Application in the Analysis of Alignment Outcomes Before and After Knee Arthroplasty.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Alignment and/or ligament balancing? Towards truly personalized total knee arthroplasty-A narrative review.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Review
- Effect of Coronal Plane Knee Alignment Classification on Clinical Outcomes After High Tibial Osteotomy.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- The Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee Classification in Patients With Medial Meniscal Posterior Root Tears.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Coronal plane alignment of the knee phenotypes and ankle joint coronal plane alignment patterns in Egyptian population.World journal of orthopedics · 2026Article
- Robotic-assisted restricted kinematic alignment in total knee arthroplasty: A multicenter retrospective assessment of coronal phenotypes and early postoperative outcomes.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Does preoperative varus alignment impact functional outcomes in robotic assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty? mid-term analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Article
- Low bilateral consistency restricts the utility of the contralateral CPAK as a reliable reference for planning coronal alignment in total knee arthroplasty.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Impact of femoral component flexion on gap balancing in varus knees using robotic technology: a comparative study of single-radius and multi-radius designs.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Observational
- Distribution of coronal plane alignment of the knee classification among Emirati patients with arthritic and healthy knees.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Coronal plane alignment of the knee classification system does not reliably predict tibiofemoral joint gaps in arthritic knees undergoing total knee arthroplasty.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025Article
- Restricted kinematic total knee arthroplasty provided better functional outcomes and higher satisfaction rates for Asians of genu varum with apex distal joint line over unrestricted kinematic total knee arthroplasty.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2025Article
- Femoral components are positioned in greater external rotation using functional alignment in robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty compared to mechanical alignment.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Influence of Femoral Component Flexion on Outcomes After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.Arthroplasty today · 2025Article
- Distribution of coronal plane alignment of the knee and functional knee phenotype classification in the Thai arthritic population and correlation with other Asian populations.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2025Article
- A systematic review of geographic differences in knee phenotypes based on the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) classification.Arthroplasty (London, England) · 2025Review
- Coronal plane alignment of the knee classification in patients with osteoarthritis and the clinical outcomes of its alteration in total knee arthroplasty: a cross-sectional analysis of a Chinese cohort.International orthopaedics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Understanding constitutional alignment of the lower limb is essential to optimize alignment strategies during total knee arthroplasty. The coronal plane alignment of knee (CPAK) classification system was proposed as a comprehensive assessment tool based on coronal alignment and variations in joint line obliquity (JLO). This prospective observational cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the phenotype of knees in the Indian population based on the CPAK system. Methods: Two cohorts of individuals (250 young healthy volunteers and 250 elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis) underwent radiological assessment with long-leg radiographs and were classified based on the CPAK system. Measurements included the mechanical and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angles (mHKA, aHKA), joint line obliquity (JLO), lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA). Knees were grouped into 9 CPAK phenotypes based on aHKA and JLO. Results: A total of 1000 knees were evaluated. In cohort-1 of healthy young adults, most knees were distributed in the CPAK class II phenotype (128 knees, 25.6%) followed by CPAK Type I (106 knees, 21.2%). In cohort-2 of elderly arthritic adults, most knees were distributed in Type I (294 knees, 58.8%) with constitutional varus and apex-distal joint line orientation. Conclusion: The majority of the study population was found to have constitutional varus alignment. In addition, a high proportion of patients in both categories, especially arthritic patients undergoing TKA, were found to have varus alignment with an apex-distal oblique joint line. This classification may help optimize component positioning to restore constitutional alignment and joint line orientation during TKA.
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