ReviewMedicine and pharmacy reports2022
Proton pump inhibitors use and risk of inflammatory bowel diseases: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Review in Medicine and pharmacy reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Microscopic Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: an umbrella review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of potassium-competitive acid blockers on human gut microbiota: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- The association of proton pump inhibitors and inflammatory bowel disease from the perspective of gut microbiota perturbation.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Environmental risk factors of inflammatory bowel disease: toward a strategy of preventative health.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Review
- Critical analysis of the effects of proton pump inhibitors on inflammatory bowel disease: An updated review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors and Oral-Gut Microbiota: From Mechanism to Clinical Significance.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Eosinophils, Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Critical Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Effects of proton pump inhibitors on inflammatory bowel disease: An updated review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Co-Administration of Proton Pump Inhibitors May Negatively Affect the Outcome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Vedolizumab.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia through care bundles: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of intensive medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Proton pump inhibitors use and risk of inflammatory bowel diseases: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2022Review
- Multidisciplinary Consensus for Rationalizing the Use of Acid Suppressants in Children and Adults: CONFOR.Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and objective: Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) reduce gastric acid production and they are indicated for myriad gastrointestinal conditions. Prolonged use of PPI has been linked to the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) though this fact is not well established. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the risk of IBD occurrence with PPI use. Methodology: The databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were accessed from inception to December 2020. Additionally, the bibliographic search and a random search in Google, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate were performed to find additional sources. The observational studies estimating the risk of IBD following the use of PPI, published in the English language were considered for this review. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Modified Downs and Black checklist. Results: Eight out of 2038 studies with 157,758 participants were included in this meta-analysis. A significantly higher risk of IBD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.43; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.18-5.02; P=0.02; n=6) was observed in participants taking PPIs for any indication. Moreover, a significant association was observed between PPI exposure on the different types of IBD such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease together (aOR: 3.60; 95% CI: 1.10-11.74), collagenous colitis (OR: 4.73; 95% CI: 1.99-11.22) and lymphocytic Colitis (OR: 3.77; 95% CI: 2.91-4.87), but not with ulcerative colitis (P=0.47) and microscopic colitis (P=0.07) alone. Similarly, a significant association was observed among Europeans (aOR: 3.98; 95% CI: 2.36-6.71), but not with North American (aOR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.01-26.71) studies. Overall the study quality was good. Conclusion: The current evidence indicates that exposure to PPI is significantly associated with increased risk of IBD. Further, adequately powered studies from various parts of the world are needed for better quantification and generalizability of our findings. PROSPERO Protocol Registration Number: CRD42020209674.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.