ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2022
Recent developments of phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Clinical trials, emerging indications and novel molecules.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles derived from the lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus rotai suppress melanogenesis by modulating the cAMP-MITF pathway.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2026Article
- Article
- Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Current Therapeutics, and Future Perspectives.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors as emerging therapeutics for skeletal disorders: A comprehensive review of mechanisms and repurposing potential.Bone reports · 2026Review
- Pharmacological rescue of mitochondrial dysfunction, neurite degeneration, and premature death of ALS and AD iPSC-derived neurons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitors alleviate the dominant toxicity of ALS-FTD-associated CHCHD10iScience · 2026Article
- TRPS1 confers paclitaxel resistance in TNBC through dual activation of the PDE4D-cAMP-AKT pathway and microtubule destabilization.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibition Increases Striatal GDNF and Protects Against Preclinical Parkinsonism.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
- Integrating transcriptome and metabolome reveals sex-dependent meat quality regulation in Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chickens.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- MAGIS syndrome: phenotypes, pathogenesis, and treatment.Journal of human immunity · 2025Article
- An updated narrative review on revolutionizing erectile dysfunction treatment: the crucial role of trophic factors in Adipose-Derived stem cell therapy.BMC urology · 2025Review
- New pharmacological approaches in the treatment of schizophrenia.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective Effects of Cilomilast and Chlorogenic Acid Against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits via Modulation of the cAMP/PKA-CREB-BDNF Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Impact of the Exposome on Alzheimer's Disease: The Influence of Nutrition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: An Update on Research Assessment and the Current and Upcoming Treatment Landscape.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- In the Brain of Phosphodiesterases: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Schizophrenia.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Body Mass Index and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia on Bone Health of Middle-Aged and Older Men.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on pulmonary vascular cell function and arterial remodeling.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- PDE1B and PDE10A as novel targets for schizophrenia: from molecular design and synthesis to therapeutic promise.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- A novel phosphodiesterase target as a therapeutic approach: inhibiting DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma progression.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, key regulator of the cyclic nucleotide signal transduction system, are long-established as attractive therapeutic targets. During investigation of trends within clinical trials, we have identified a particularly high number of clinical trials involving PDE inhibitors, prompting us to further evaluate the current status of this class of therapeutic agents. In total, we have identified 87 agents with PDE-inhibiting capacity, of which 85 interact with PDE enzymes as primary target. We provide an overview of the clinical drug development with focus on the current clinical uses, novel molecules and indications, highlighting relevant clinical studies. We found that the bulk of current clinical uses for this class of therapeutic agents are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), vascular and cardiovascular disorders and inflammatory skin conditions. In COPD, particularly, PDE inhibitors are characterised by the compliance-limiting adverse reactions. We discuss efforts directed to appropriately adjusting the dose regimens and conducting structure-activity relationship studies to determine the effect of structural features on safety profile. The ongoing development predominantly concentrates on central nervous system diseases, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and fragile X syndrome; notable advancements are being also made in mycobacterial infections, HIV and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our analysis predicts the diversification of PDE inhibitors' will continue to grow thanks to the molecules in preclinical development and the ongoing research involving drugs in clinical development.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.