SynthesisFrontiers in psychiatry2022
The effects of exercise with nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation in adults: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of exercise interventions on substance-use outcomes: A meta-analytic and systematic review.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Exercise-based interventions for smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of sport and health science · 2026Review
- Effects of aerobic exercise on approach-avoidance responses and prefrontal activity in individuals with tobacco dependence.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Physical activity and nicotine dependence among female college smokers: a serial mediation model of smoking refusal self-efficacy and smokers' identity identification.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Physical Activity, Cigarette Smoking, and Depression Among People with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Tobacco cessation: screening and interventions.Korean journal of family medicine · 2025Article
- Does physical exercise inhibit smoking behavior? Evidence from the China General Social Survey.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Multicentre Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Targeted Exercise in Combination with Cytisinicline on Smoking Cessation at 12 Months: MEDSEC-CTA.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Predictors and health outcomes of cigarette and shisha smoking among men in Gaza: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Predictors and health outcomes of tobacco smoking among the population of Gaza: A large-scale study.Research square · 2024Article
- Non-pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.BMC medicine · 2023Review
- The relationship between physical exercise and smoking behavior among Chinese residents aged 16 years and older.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Knowledge and awareness of nicotine, nicotine replacement therapy, and electronic cigarettes among general practitioners with a special interest in respiratory medicine in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of exercise programmes with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation in adults. Introduction: Nicotine addiction is mediated by dopamine. Exercise can also activate the dopamine reward system. Therefore, exercise may effectively facilitate NRT to reduce cigarette cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Inclusion criteria: Clinical trials between 2000 and 2022 used exercise protocols of any intensity for smoking cessation, in current smokers or recent quitters of both genders, aged 18-70, without severe diseases and pregnancy. Mental disorders were not excluded, as exercise can improve mental health status. Therefore, it may be as effective among people with mental health issues as the general population in preventing nicotine cravings and supporting abstinence. Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Medline) were searched for papers in English using the terms "nicotine replacement therapy', "exercise," and "smoking cessation." Titles and abstracts were screened for potentially eligibility before full texts were reviewed. Sample size, gender, study duration, and age was then extracted. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI's) GRADE approach. Results: Seventeen studies were identified with a total of 3,191 participants. Three studies are not a randomised control study. There was moderate-high quality evidence that exercise can aid NRT in promoting smoking cessation in the short term. Several studies reported temporary reductions in cravings; however, only one trial reported a decrease in cigarette consumption due to exercise intervention and one demonstrated increased smoking abstinence at 1 year of the intervention. Conclusion: Exercise with NRT aids smoking cessation in the short term, but no evidence suggests its efficacy in the long term when combined. Future trials should include larger sample sizes and strategies to increase exercise adherence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.