ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2022
Critical Evaluation of Multifunctional Betaxolol Hydrochloride Nanoformulations for Effective Sustained Intraocular Pressure Reduction.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microsphere-loaded dual-responseJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Article
- Silica based nanocarriers for combination immunotherapy targeting the tumor immune microenvironment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Tracer Techniques in Ophthalmology: Ocular Applications and Systemic Connections.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Recent Achievements and Perspectives in Nebulization Devices for Anterior Segment Disease Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Effects of taurine, brimonidine and betaxolol on oscillation modulation and stimulation efficiency in degenerated rd10 mouse retinas.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ocular drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology: a comprehensive review for the treatment of eye diseases.Discover nano · 2025Review
- Advancements and Prospects in Nanorobotic Applications for Ophthalmic Therapy.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
- Recent Achievements and Perspectives in Smart Nano-in-Micro Platforms for Ocular Disease Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- A Direct Comparison of Peptide Drug Delivery Systems Based on the Use of Hybrid Calcium Phosphate/Chitosan Nanoparticles versus Unmixed Calcium Phosphate or Chitosan Nanoparticles In Vitro and In Vivo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Glaucoma is a chronic disease that requires long-term adherence to treatment. Topical application of conventional eye drops results in substantial drug loss due to rapid tear turnover, with poor drug bioavailability being a major challenge for efficient glaucoma treatment. We aimed to prepare the anti-glaucoma drug betaxolol hydrochloride (BH) as a novel nano-delivery system that prolonged the retention time at the ocular surface and improved bioavailability. Methods: We constructed multifunctional nanoparticles (MMt-BH-HA/CS-ED NPs) by ion cross-linking-solvent evaporation method. The particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of MMt-BH-HA/CS-ED NPs were physicochemically characterized. The structure of the preparations was characterized by microscopic techniques of SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, FTIR and TGA, and evaluated for their in vitro release performance as well as adhesion properties. Its safety was investigated using irritation assays of hemolysis experiment, Draize test and histopathology examination. Precorneal retention was examined by in vivo fluorescence tracer method and pharmacokinetics in tear fluid was studied. A model of high IOP successfully induced by injection of compound carbomer solution was used to assess the IOP-lowering efficacy of the formulation, and it was proposed that micro-interactions between the formulation and the tear film would be used to analyze the behavior at the ocular surface. Results: The positively charged MMt-BH-HA/CS-ED NPs were successfully prepared with good two-step release properties, higher viscosity, and slower pre-corneal diffusion rate along with longer precorneal retention time compared to BH solution. The micro-interactions between nanoparticles and tear film converted the drug clearance from being controlled by fast aqueous layer turnover to slow mucin layer turnover, resulting in higher drug concentration on the ocular surface, providing more durable and stable IOP-lowering efficacy. Conclusion: The novel multifunctional MMt-BH-HA/CS-ED NPs can effectively reduce IOP and are suitable for the treatment of chronic disease glaucoma.
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