Hot water immersion could be an effective alternative to physical exercise in improving cardiovascular fitness during the COVID-19 pandemic.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

1. The effects of hot-water immersion on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory health of healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Physiological reports · 2026
   Pooled it
2. Limited benefit of repeated post-exercise hot water immersion on exercise performance of well-trained cyclists in warm and hot conditions.European journal of applied physiology · 2026
   Article
3. Examining the anticipated uptake and acceptability of heat therapy in males: Expectations and perceptions before and after hot water immersion.PloS one · 2026
   Article
4. Hot Water Immersion as a Means to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Mortality.Current cardiology reviews · 2025
   Review
5. Hot water immersion as a potential substitute for strength training during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in physiology · 2023
   Article
6. Repeated lower extremities hot water bathing (REHAB), a rehabilitative strategy in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with sleep disorders: rationale, design and protocol for a randomized controlled study.Frontiers in neurology
   Article

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as