ArticleJournal of child and family studies2022
Relationships between Depression and Executive Functioning in Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Unpredictable Home Environment.
Article in Journal of child and family studies, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Executive functioning in adolescents with internalizing disorders: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Workplace violence, intimate partner violence, and depression in nurses: the mediating role of impostor syndrome.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences Increase Peer Victimization among Early Adolescents: the Longitudinal Mediating Roles of Executive Function and Social Anxiety.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- Unpredictability is a childhood adversity that contributes to mental health problems.Nature. Mental health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and contributing factors of executive cognitive dysfunction symptoms in university students.PloS one · 2025Article
- Leveraging the science of early life predictability to inform policies promoting child health.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Review
- Individual longitudinal changes in DNA-methylome identify signatures of early-life adversity and correlate with later outcome.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Annual Research Review: The power of predictability - patterns of signals in early life shape neurodevelopment and mental health trajectories.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2024Review
- Evaluating Machine Learning Stability in Predicting Depression and Anxiety Amidst Subjective Response Errors.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Family Functioning, Maternal Depression, and Adolescent Cognitive Flexibility and Its Associations with Adolescent Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Within-subject changes in methylome profile identify individual signatures of early-life adversity, with a potential to predict neuropsychiatric outcome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Symptoms of depression and anxiety in Chinese adolescents: heterogeneity and associations with executive function.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Exposure to unpredictability and mental health: Validation of the brief version of the Questionnaire of Unpredictability in Childhood (QUIC-5) in English and Spanish.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Although researchers have explored the link between depression and executive functioning (EF), the influence of early-life environmental and relational instability on this association has not been comprehensively assessed in adolescents. This cross-sectional study examined whether unpredictability of home environment in childhood moderated the relationship between depression and EF in adolescents. Participants were 138 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (72% female; 47.8% White; 47.1% Hispanic). Diagnostic status (major depression versus healthy control) and depression severity were assessed using psycho-diagnostic interviews and self-reports from parents and adolescents. Participants also completed the Questionnaire of Unpredictability in Childhood (QUIC). EF was assessed using self-report (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition; BRIEF2) and a battery of performance-based measures. Results showed that QUIC scores moderated the relationship between depression and BRIEF2 scores, such that high unpredictability was associated with poorer EF for adolescents exhibiting low depression severity. Participants with the highest levels of depression exhibited the poorest EF ratings, regardless of childhood unpredictability. Unpredictability was moderately associated with performance-based measures, but did not interact with depressive symptoms to predict complex performance-based EF. Recommendations include assessing for unpredictable childhood environment and acknowledging this risk factor for poor EF in youth with sub-threshold depression. Treatment implications are discussed with respect to family systems/parenting interventions, as mildly depressed adolescents growing up in unstable homes may be vulnerable to EF difficulties. Further, this study adds to the EF measurement literature by examining associations between self-report and performance-based EF instruments in a diverse sample of adolescents.
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