ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
A Survey of 3D Indoor Localization Systems and Technologies.
Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- SE-MTCAELoc: SE-Aided Multi-Task Convolutional Autoencoder for Indoor Localization with Wi-Fi.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From Fingerprinting to Advanced Machine Learning: A Systematic Review of Wi-Fi and BLE-Based Indoor Positioning Systems.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- AprilTags in Unity: A Local Alternative to Shared Spatial Anchors for Synergistic Shared Space Applications Involving Extended Reality and the Internet of Things.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- UWB Indoor Localization Based on Artificial Rabbit Optimization Algorithm and BP Neural Network.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Multi-Band Analog Radio-over-Fiber Mobile Fronthaul System for Indoor Positioning, Beamforming, and Wireless Access.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- SDR-Fi-Z: A Wireless Local Area Network-Fingerprinting-Based Indoor Positioning Method for E911 Vertical Accuracy Mandate.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- An Integration of Deep Neural Network-Based Extended Kalman Filter (DNN-EKF) Method in Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Localization for Distance Loss Optimization.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Accurate Low Complexity Quadrature Angular Diversity Aperture Receiver for Visible Light Positioning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An Enhanced Indoor Three-Dimensional Localization System with Sensor Fusion Based on Ultra-Wideband Ranging and Dual Barometer Altimetry.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Method for Correcting Signal Aberrations in Ultrasonic Indoor Positioning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of Integrated Filtering Methods Using UWB Localization in Indoor Environment.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Advanced Line-of-Sight (LOS) model for communicating devices in modern indoor environment.PloS one · 2024Article
- FFK: Fourier-Transform Fuzzy-c-means Kalman-Filter Based RSSI Filtering Mechanism for Indoor Positioning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Range-Extension Algorithms and Strategies for TDOA Ultra-Wideband Positioning System.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Improving TDOA Radar Performance in Jammed Areas through Neural Network-Based Signal Processing.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A TinyML Deep Learning Approach for Indoor Tracking of Assets.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Indoor localization has recently and significantly attracted the interest of the research community mainly due to the fact that Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) typically fail in indoor environments. In the last couple of decades, there have been several works reported in the literature that attempt to tackle the indoor localization problem. However, most of this work is focused solely on two-dimensional (2D) localization, while very few papers consider three dimensions (3D). There is also a noticeable lack of survey papers focusing on 3D indoor localization; hence, in this paper, we aim to carry out a survey and provide a detailed critical review of the current state of the art concerning 3D indoor localization including geometric approaches such as angle of arrival (AoA), time of arrival (ToA), time difference of arrival (TDoA), fingerprinting approaches based on Received Signal Strength (RSS), Channel State Information (CSI), Magnetic Field (MF) and Fine Time Measurement (FTM), as well as fusion-based and hybrid-positioning techniques. We provide a variety of technologies, with a focus on wireless technologies that may be utilized for 3D indoor localization such as WiFi, Bluetooth, UWB, mmWave, visible light and sound-based technologies. We critically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each approach/technology in 3D localization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.