ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synergistic Effects of Selenium, Selenoproteins, Selenocysteine and Procyanidin A2 Based on Immune Response and Oxidative Stress.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Predictive value of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in relation to opportunistic infections in people living with HIV/AIDS.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Elderberry and Linden Flowers Ethanol-Water Extracts: Extraction Type Effect, Analysis and Biological Activity Determination.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Flavonoids: biological activities, nutritional and immunological aspects, therapeutic potential, food applications, and human health benefits-A comprehensive review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- Potential Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents: A Key Arsenal Against Newly Emerging and Reemerging Respiratory RNA Viruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Optimization of Ultrasonic-Enzyme Synergistic Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Jujube: Purification, Characterization, and Bioactivity Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chemical Characterization of Pruning Wood Extracts from Six Japanese Plum (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Novel A-Type Proanthocyanidin-Rich Phytocomplex SP4™ Acts as a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agent against Human Respiratory Viruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Aesculus hippocastanum extract and the main bioactive constituent β-escin as antivirals agents against coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Flavonoids in mitigating the adverse effects of canine endotoxemia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- The Flavonoid Cyanidin Shows Immunomodulatory and Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Properties, Including SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2023Article
- Pearls before Swine: Plant-Derived Wastes to Produce Low-Cholesterol Meat from Farmed Pigs-A Bibliometric Analysis Combined to Meta-Analytic Studies.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A-type proanthocyanidins (PAC-As) are plant-derived natural polyphenols that occur as oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol monomers, such as (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, connected through an unusual double A linkage. PAC-As are present in leaves, seeds, flowers, bark, and fruits of many plants, and are thought to exert protective natural roles against microbial pathogens, insects, and herbivores. Consequently, when tested in isolation, PAC-As have shown several biological effects, through antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activities. PAC-As have been observed in fact to inhibit replication of many different human viruses, and both enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses proved sensible to their inhibitory effect. Mechanistic studies revealed that PAC-As cause reduction of infectivity of viral particles they come in contact with, as a result of their propensity to interact with virion surface capsid proteins or envelope glycoproteins essential for viral attachment and entry. As viral infections and new virus outbreaks are a major public health concern, development of effective Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) that can be rapidly deployable even against future emerging viruses is an urgent priority. This review summarizes the antiviral activities and mechanism of action of PAC-As, and their potential to be deployed as BSAAs against present and future viral infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.