ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022
By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process as Potential Material for Use as Cosmetics: Chemical Profiling and In Vitro Antioxidant and Whitening Activities.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cellular and molecular regulation of skin by ginseng and its bioactive Constituents: A review of studies from 2021 to 2025.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Changes in Phytochemical Compositions and Biological Activities After Fermentation According to the Harvest Periods of Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Sprouts.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The clearing-up of misunderstanding on body temperature changes and heat responses afterJournal of ginseng research · 2025Review
- Ginseng and ginseng byproducts for skincare and skin health.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
- Analysis of the Variation in Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition upon the Repeated Thermal Treatment of the By-Product of the Red Ginseng Manufacturing Process.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Optimization of a Novel Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptide fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effect of anti-skin disorders of ginsenosides- A Systematic Review.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Red ginseng (RG), which is obtained from heated Panax ginseng and is produced by steaming followed by drying, is a valuable herb in Asian countries. Steamed ginseng dew (SGD) is a by-product produced in processing red ginseng. In the present study, phytochemical profiling of extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis. Additionally, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ·OH, and ABTS scavenging ability) and whitening activities (tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activity) were analyzed. Phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of 66 and 28 compounds that were non-saponin components in chloroform extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew (RG-CE and SGD-CE), respectively. Meanwhile, there were 20 ginsenosides identified in n-butanol extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew (RG-NBE and SGD-NBE). By comparing the different polar extracts of red ginseng and steamed ginseng dew, it was found that the ethyl acetate extract of red ginseng (RG-EAE) had the best antioxidant capacity and whitening effect, the water extract of steamed ginseng dew (SGD-WE) had stronger antioxidant capacity, and the SGD-NBE and SGD-CE had a better whitening effect. This study shows that RG and SGD have tremendous potential to be used in the cosmetic industries.
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Registered trials
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