Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36499260›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022

Innate Immune System Activation, Inflammation and Corneal Wound Healing.

Nyemkuna Fortingo, Samuel Melnyk, Sarah H Sutton, Mitchell A Watsky, Wendy B Bollag

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
15.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Topical losartan ophthalmic drops - a review of corneal wound healing and topical losartan for managing corneal haze and potential future indications.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Acute Inflammation Drives Corneal Pathological Regeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Microbial keratitis in the age of resistance: unlocking the therapeutic potential of phage therapy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Nyemkuna FortingoDepartment of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA.
Samuel MelnykDepartment of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA.
Sarah H SuttonDepartment of Medical Illustration, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA.
Mitchell A WatskyJames and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA.
Wendy B BollagDepartment of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30907, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3146-162X
Augusta University · US

Funding

Phosphatidylglycerol as a Therapy for Corneal InjuryR01EY030576 · NEI · AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY · PI BOLLAG, WENDY B, WATSKY, MITCHELL A · 2019 to 2021
$1.1M
BLRD VA I01 BX005055NEI NIH HHS EY030576NEI NIH HHS R01 EY030576
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Corneal wounds resulting from injury, surgeries, or other intrusions not only cause pain, but also can predispose an individual to infection. While some inflammation may be beneficial to protect against microbial infection of wounds, the inflammatory process, if excessive, may delay corneal wound healing. An examination of the literature on the effect of inflammation on corneal wound healing suggests that manipulations that result in reductions in severe or chronic inflammation lead to better outcomes in terms of corneal clarity, thickness, and healing. However, some acute inflammation is necessary to allow efficient bacterial and fungal clearance and prevent corneal infection. This inflammation can be triggered by microbial components that activate the innate immune system through toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. In particular, TLR2 and TLR4 activation leads to pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) activation. Similarly, endogenous molecules released from disrupted cells, known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), can also activate TLR2, TLR4 and NFκB, with the resultant inflammation worsening the outcome of corneal wound healing. In sterile keratitis without infection, inflammation can occur though TLRs to impact corneal wound healing and reduce corneal transparency. This review demonstrates the need for acute inflammation to prevent pathogenic infiltration, while supporting the idea that a reduction in chronic and/or excessive inflammation will allow for improved wound healing.

Indexed as

Corneal InjuriesKeratitisCorneaHumansInflammationNeutrophilsNF-kappa BWound HealingNF-kappa Bcorneahealinginflammationinnate immune systemphosphatidylglyceroltoll-like receptorswound

Identifiers

PMID36499260
PMCPMC9740891
OpenAlexW4310995357

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.