ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Circulating Galectin-3 in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Mild Hypothermia: A Biomarker Sub-Study of the SHOCK-COOL Trial.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Galectin-3 levels and long-term all-cause mortality and hospitalization in heart failure patients: a meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2024Pooled it
- The Clinical Value of NT-proBNP, sST2, and Galectin-3 in the Management of Heart Failure: From Diagnosis to Dynamic Monitoring: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Current and novel biomarkers in cardiogenic shock.European journal of heart failure · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Quality Analysis of Conventional and Novel Biomarkers in Diagnosing and Predicting Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Heart Failure, a Comprehensive Literature Review.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2024Review
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Diagnostic Value of Galectin-3 in Acute Coronary Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Role of Galectin-3 in Heart Failure-The Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential-Where Do We Stand?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Role of Galectin-3 in Predicting Congenital Heart Disease Outcome: A Review of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- C-Reactive Protein and White Blood Cell Count in Cardiogenic Shock.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is considered a potential cardiovascular inflammatory marker that may provide additional risk stratification for patients with acute heart failure. It is unknown whether mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) impacts Gal-3 levels. Therefore, this biomarker study aimed to investigate the effect of MTH on Gal-3. Methods: In the randomized SHOCK-COOL trial, 40 patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infraction (AMI) were randomly assigned to the MTH (33 °C) or control group in a 1:1 ratio. Blood samples were collected on the day of admission/day 1, day 2, and day 3. Gal-3 level kinetics throughout these time points were compared between the MTH and control groups. Additionally, potential correlations between Gal-3 and clinical patient characteristics were assessed. Multiple imputations were performed to account for missing data. Results: In the control group, Gal-3 levels were significantly lower on day 3 than on day 1 (day 1 vs. day 3: 3.84 [IQR 2.04−13.3] vs. 1.79 [IQR 1.23−3.50] ng/mL; p = 0.049). Gal-3 levels were not significantly different on any day between the MTH and control groups (p for interaction = 0.242). Spearman’s rank correlation test showed no significant correlation between Gal-3 levels and sex, age, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and levels of creatine kinase-MB, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and white blood cell counts (all p > 0.05). Patients with lower Gal-3 levels on the first day after admission demonstrated a higher risk of all-cause mortality at 30 days (hazard ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.11−6.42; p = 0.029). In addition, Gal-3 levels on day 1 had a good predictive value for 30-day all-cause mortality with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.696 (95% CI: 0.513−0.879), with an optimal cut-off point of less than 3651 pg/mL. Conclusions: MTH has no effect on Gal-3 levels in patients with CS complicating AMI compared to the control group. In addition, Gal-3 is a relatively stable biomarker, independent of age, sex, and BMI, and Gal-3 levels at admission might predict the risk of 30-day all-cause mortality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.