ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Free Light Chains, High Mobility Group Box 1, and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of slow daily home hemodialysis with internal convection on removal of uremic toxins using the Physidia S3 monitor.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of chronic kidney disease with postoperative outcomes: a national surgical quality improvement program (NSQIP) multi-specialty surgical cohort analysis.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Association of Sex Differences with Mortality and Organ Dysfunction in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Parallel Dysregulated Immune Response in Severe Forms of COVID-19 and Bacterial Sepsis via Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Machine learning models using non-linear techniques improve the prediction of resting energy expenditure in individuals receiving hemodialysis.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Targeting large middle molecules: Clinical implications of expanded hemodialysis in hemodialysis care.Tzu chi medical journalReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Uremic toxins are associated with immune dysfunction and inflammation. The inadequate removal by hemodialysis (HD) of serum free light chains (FLCs) determines their accumulation. This study evaluated FLCs in HD patients, analyzing their relations with other biomarkers, such as serum high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Methods: FLC and HMGB1 were evaluated in a cohort of 119 HD patients. κFLC and λFLC were summated to give a combined (c) FLC concentration. Patients were followed prospectively until the end of the observation period of four years, or until the endpoint: the patient’s death. Results: cFLC values in HD patients were 244.4 (197.9−273.5) mg/L. We detected a significant reduction in CD8+ cells and a decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio. HMGB1 levels were 94.5 (55−302) pg/mL. After multivariate analysis, cFLCs correlated with β2-microglobulin and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Subjects with cFLC values above 263 mg/L and with sHMGB1 values < 80 pg/mL experienced a significantly faster evolution to the endpoint (mean follow-up time to progression of 27.5 and 28.5 months, respectively; p < 0.001). After an adjusted multivariate Cox analysis, cFLCs were associated with 11% increased risk of death, whereas low sHMGB1 increased this risk by 5%. Conclusions: cFLCs and HMGB1 reflect the inflammation and immune dysfunction in HD patients representing two strong and independent risk markers of mortality.
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