ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2022
Extracellular Vesicles and Their Roles in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exosomal transfer of p-AKT drives doxorubicin resistance and predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Interplay between the RBP SYNCRIP and RNA methylation in determining sEV miRNA-cargo and function in cell-to-cell communication.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Overcoming tumour resistance in cancer immunotherapy through predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Roles of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Stem Cell Theranostics: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles from canine mammary tumor cells promote macrophage M2 polarization and enhance tumor progression.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Extracellular vesicle-derived miRNA-182-5p educates macrophages towards an immunosuppressive phenotype in pancreatic cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Research Progress and Preclinical Prospects of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Targeted Delivery of Antitumor Drugs.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicle-Derived microRNAs: Novel Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Gastrointestinal Malignancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immune profiling identifies the contribution of extracellular vesicles to immune modulation and progression in prostate cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles in cancer immunotherapy: Therapeutic, challenges and clinical progress.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Development of a microRNA-based prognostic model for accurate prediction of distant metastasis in breast cancer patients.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Selective EV Protein Sorting and Pathway Perturbation in AML Upon Synergistic FLT3 and Hedgehog Pathway Inhibition.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- The 3D Language of Cancer: Communication via Extracellular Vesicles from Tumor Spheroids and Organoids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Killing the killers: Natural killer cell therapy targeting glioma stem cells in high-grade glioma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- The dual role of extracellular vesicles derived from animal and human immune cells: A systematic review.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Review
- Review
- Enhanced Anti-Tumor Effects of Natural Killer Cell-Derived Exosomes Through Doxorubicin Delivery to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a potential target for overcoming tumor immunotherapy resistance and immune evasion strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor cells actively incorporate molecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, RNA) into particles named extracellular vesicles (EVs). Several groups have demonstrated that EVs can be transferred to target (recipient) cells, making EVs an important means of intercellular communication. Indeed, EVs are able to modulate the functions of target cells by reprogramming signaling pathways. In a cancer context, EVs promote the formation of a supportive tumor microenvironment (TME) and (pre)metastatic niches. Recent studies have revealed that immune cells, tumor cells and their secretome, including EVs, promote changes in the TME and immunosuppressive functions of immune cells (e.g., natural killer, dendritic cells, T and B cells, monocytes, macrophages) that allow tumor cells to establish and propagate. Despite the growing knowledge on EVs and on their roles in cancer and as modulators of the immune response/escape, the translation into clinical practice remains in its early stages, hence requiring improved translational research in the EVs field. Here, we comprehensively review the current knowledge and most recent research on the roles of EVs in tumor immune evasion and immunosuppression in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. We also highlight the clinical utility of EV-mediated immunosuppression targeting and EV-engineering. Importantly, we discuss the controversial role of EVs in cancer biology, current limitations and future perspectives to further the EV knowledge into clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.