ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
The Role of the Social Environment in Pacing and Sports Performance: A Narrative Review from a Self-Regulatory Perspective.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unravelling the diversity of pacing behaviours in adults with chronic conditions: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Observational
- Energy Availability as a Neurocognitive Regulator of Endurance Performance: Integrating Metabolic, Perceptual, and Decision-Making Mechanisms-A Narrative Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring the interplay of cognitive flexibility, self-regulation, and perceived control in enhancing psychological recovery among competitive athletes.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Bank-speed alignment: a conceptual framework for understanding indoor track performance.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Article
- Adherence to exercise in breast cancer survivors during and after active treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.JSAMS plus · 2024Review
- Qualitative Analysis of Micro-System-Level Factors Determining Sport Persistence.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Influence of intellectual disability on exercise regulation: exploring verbal, auditory and visual guidance to contribute to promote inclusive exercise environments.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2024Article
- The Role of Cognition and Social Factors in Competition: How Do People with Intellectual Disabilities Respond to Opponents?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Sport Participation for People with Disabilities: Exploring the Potential of Reverse Integration and Inclusion through Wheelchair Basketball.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Self-regulation of effort for a better health-related quality of life: a multidimensional activity pacing model for chronic pain and fatigue management.Annals of medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As proposed by Triplett in 1898 and evidenced by a recent series of lab and field studies, racing against other competitors consistently results in increased performance compared to when racing alone. To explain this phenomenon, we will explore the process of self-regulation, a process relevant to pacing, which is linked to athletes' emotions and facilitates their sports performance optimization. We will apply the cyclical model of Self-regulation of Learning to pacing and sports performance settings and explore the role of the social environment (in particular, opponents but also coaches) in each phase of the self-regulatory model. It seems that the social environment could be considered as a significant self-regulatory and sports performance facilitator. More specifically, athletes can focus on their social environment (opponents) when they have to set goals and select appropriate strategies to achieve them (forethought phase), monitor and manage their actions and their emotions (performance phase), and make self-judgements and choose self-reactions (self-reflection). Moreover, the social environment (coaches) can observe, step in, and facilitate these intricate processes. These findings could guide athletes and their coaches towards more effective pacing acquisition and development, and better sports performance, which could be of particular relevance for youth athletes or athletes with disabilities impacting on their self-regulatory skills.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.