SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Ecological Effects of VR-Based Cognitive Training on ADL and IADL in MCI and AD patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Digital health interventions for older adults with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC geriatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Immersive Technologies for Cognitive Rehabilitation in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- [Use of Virtual Reality Based on Daily Activities for Cognitive Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Systematic Review].Revista de neurologia · 2025Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Interventions for Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Use of Virtual Reality to Improve Spatial Orientation in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review.Current Alzheimer research · 2024Pooled it
- Patterns of cognitive and motor decline in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and ageing in healthy populations.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- An LLM-supported just-in-time adaptive intervention delivered by a socially assistive robot for cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: study protocol for an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Feasibility of Immersive Virtual Reality for Delivering Semantic Feature Analysis to Adults with Communication Disorders and Normal Cognitive Aging.International journal of telerehabilitation · 2026Article
- Amygdala subregional atrophy across ATN-defined Mild Cognitive Impairment subgroups.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Digital Technology in Cognitive Decline: Bibliometric and Visualization Study.Current Alzheimer research · 2026Review
- Benefits of virtual reality rehabilitation on neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- User Experience, System Usability, and Feasibility of Two Novel Immersive Virtual Reality Memory Tasks for Cognitive Training: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- New insights into translational research in Alzheimer's disease guided by artificial intelligence, computational and systems biology.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Effects of virtual reality-based interventions on cognitive function, emotional state, and quality of life in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Comparison of Occupational Performance in Immersive Virtual and Real Environments Among Patients With Stroke: Observational Randomized Crossover Pilot Study.JMIR serious games · 2024Article
- Association between cognitive dysfunction and diabetes in patients over 65 years old: a cross-sectional study using propensity score matching.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2024Article
- Do patients with neurological disorders benefit from immersive virtual reality? A scoping review on the emerging use of the computer-assisted rehabilitation environment.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Different Neurocognitive Intervention Approaches on Functionality in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Digital Therapeutics for Improving Effectiveness of Pharmaceutical Drugs and Biological Products: Preclinical and Clinical Studies Supporting Development of Drug + Digital Combination Therapies for Chronic Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its association with malnutrition in older Chinese adults in the community.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Declines in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) performances due to cognitive impairments hinder mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' independent and safe daily lives. In order to prevent and treat this, several cognitive interventions have been implemented, but their ecological validity was not ensured due to that their contents are far from real life. Virtual reality (VR) can resemble real life with immersive stimuli, but there have been few studies confirming its ecological effects on ADL and IADL. Therefore, this study conducted a meta-analysis of VR-based cognitive training to investigate its ecological effects on ADL and IADL in MCI and AD patients. From February 2012 to February 2022, a search was conducted for articles published in PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Quality assessment was assessed by the PEDro scale, and the Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess risk of bias. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's regression. Five studies that met inclusion criteria were included in this study. The VR-based cognitive training showed significant effects on ADL and IADL in both MCI and AD patients. When comparing effects in each group, both MCI and AD patients showed significant effects on ADL and IADL, but MCI patients showed lower effects on ADL and IADL than AD patients. The results indicated that VR-based cognitive training would be beneficial to improve ADL and IADL in MCI and AD patients, suggesting that VR-based cognitive training is ecologically valid.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.