ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Household Pharmaceutical Waste Disposal as a Global Problem-A Review.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Facilitators for establishing a home-based medicine reverse logistic system in low- and middle-income countries - a scoping review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Medical patch disposal practices and information sources: A pharmacy customer survey before and after an information initiative.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Pharmaceutical Waste Management and Awareness at Household Level: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Katlehong and Lambton in Ekurhuleni Municipality.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Disposal of Household Healthcare Waste: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from Türkiye.Florence Nightingale journal of nursing · 2026Article
- Determinants of Medication Storage and Disposal Practices in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study with Implications for Environmental Exposure.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Ketoprofen Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Commercial Formulations to the Freshwater Photosynthetic SpeciesInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Interventions to address improper disposal practices of unused and expired household medications: A systematic review.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- The missing thread of One Health efforts: improper drug disposal as an overlooked driver of antimicrobial resistance.mSphere · 2026Review
- Unsafe disposal of unused and expired medicines in Indonesia: nationwide evidence on public awareness and disposal practices across urban-rural and island disparities.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Unused and expired medicines waste in Ireland - an audit of medicines returned to and generated in community pharmacies.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding the Disposal of Unused and Expired Medicines in Romania During the Early Implementation of the 2023 Hospital-Based Collection Framework.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fate of the resistance profile of drinking water biofilm exposed to a sub-minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- From Policy to Practice: Community Pharmacists' Self-Reported Counseling Role in Pharmaceutical Waste Management.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Views, Barriers and Facilitators of Policymakers, Pharmacists and Community Health Representative in Managing Unused Medicine in a Socioeconomically Diverse District in Indonesia.F1000Research · 2026Article
- From medicine cabinets to ecosystems: a Europe-wide assessment of household pharmaceutical waste disposal practices.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Public behavioral compliance challenges in household medical waste management: an evolutionary game perspective on policy.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Greening the curriculum: challenges in bringing environmental sustainability to pharmaceutical education.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Knowledge, Attitudes And Disposal Practices For Unused Medicines Amongst Adult Residents Of Bloemfontein, South Africa.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2026Article
- Drugs in the environment, viruses in the balance: a review of the untold nexus of pharmaceuticals and virology.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Public knowledge and practices toward safe disposal of unused and expired medications in Palestine: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The negative effect of the pharmaceuticals presence (persistence?) in various components of the environment is a global problem today. These compounds are released into the environment as a result of, inter alia, their use and improper disposal. Therefore, it is important to reduce excessive drug consumption and to develop a system for the collection of unused/expired pharmaceuticals. The effectiveness of actions in this area is inextricably linked with the need to educate society on how to deal properly with unwanted medications. The aim of the study was to show that the inappropriate handling of unused/expired drugs by society is an important problem in waste management systems, and it impacts the state of the environment. Forty-eight scientific articles published between 2012 and 2021 were taken into account that discussed the systems in various countries for the collection of unused/expired pharmaceuticals. This literature review shows that the main method of disposing of unused/expired medications, according to respondents from different countries, is either by disposing of them in household waste or flushing them into the sewage system. This is also the case in countries with systems or programs for the return of redundant drugs, which indicates that these systems are not sufficiently effective. This may be influenced by many factors, including the lack or ineffective education of the society.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.