ArticleMalaria journal2022
Inequalities in the use of insecticide-treated nets by pregnant women in Ghana, 2011 and 2017.
Article in Malaria journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acceptability of insecticide treated nets in an urban setting in a malarious area: Application of theoretical framework of acceptability.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Trends and inequalities in insecticide-treated net use among children under five in Ghana, 2003-2022: analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys using the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT).Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Between-and within-socioeconomic groups temporal inequality in the uptake of malaria prevention strategies among pregnant women and under-five children in Ghana (2003-2022).Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Ownership and utilization of mosquito bed net among pregnant women in Ghana: a national population-based survey.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Determinants of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women in Kintampo municipal hospital, Ghana.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Determinants of Insecticide-Treated Net Utilization for Malaria Prevention Among Under-Five Children in The Gambia: Evidence From National Survey.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
- Individual- and community-level correlates of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in Ghana: further analysis of the 2019 Malaria Indicator Survey.Research in health services & regions · 2024Article
- Ownership and usage of insecticide-treated nets in Ghana: a scoping review of facilitators and barriers.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Unveiling the significance of women's role in health-seeking behavior during suspected malaria fever in risk populations of Nepal: Mixed methods cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- The relationship between anaemia and the use of treated bed nets among pregnant and non-pregnant women in Ghana.PloS one · 2024Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPregnant women and children are the most vulnerable group of people usually affected by malaria. The use of insecticide-treated nets is one of the proven interventions for mitigating malaria and its associated deaths in endemic regions, including Ghana. Meanwhile, there is limited evidence on the extent of inequality in insecticide-treated nets use by pregnant women in Ghana. This study assessed the inequalities in insecticide-treated nets use by pregnant women in Ghana.
methodsData from the 2011 and 2017 versions of the Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys were used. The 2019 updated World Health Organization (WHO) HEAT software (version 3.1) was used for all analyses. Four equity stratifiers were employed to disaggregate insecticide-treated nets use by pregnant women in Ghana. These are economic status, level of education, place of residence, and sub-national region. Four measures were used to compute inequality namely Difference (D), Population Attributable risk (PAR), Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) and Ratio (R).
resultsThe analyses indicated a rise in pregnant women's insecticide-treated nets use from 32.6% in 2011 to 49.7% in 2017. Except sub-national region, all the factors showed mild inequality in insecticide-treated nets use. For instance, with respect to the economic status of pregnant women, only a slight inequality was exhibited by one of the simple measures in both 2011 (R = 0.3; 95% UI = 0.2-0.6) and 2017 (R = 0.5; 95% UI = 0.3-0.7). Marginal inequality in insecticide-treated nets use was noted in 2011 (R = 0.6; 95% UI = 0.5-0.9) and 2017 (R = 0.8; 95% UI = 0.6-0.9) for level of education. In the same vein, slight inequality was realized with respect to place of residence in 2011 (R = 0.4; 95% UI = 0.3-0.6) and 2017 (R = 0.6; 95% UI = 0.5-0.7). For sub-national region, both simple (D = 50.5; 95% UI = 30.7-70.4) and complex (PAF = 91.3; 95% UI = 72.3-110.3) measures demonstrated substantial inequality in 2011. In the case of 2017, considerable inequality in insecticide-treated nets use occurred (D = 58; 95% UI = 42.2-73.8, PAF = 51.9; 95% UI = 36.2-67.6).
conclusionIn conclusion, insecticide-treated nets utilization by pregnant Ghanaian women increased between 2011 and 2017. The findings show that Ghana's Ministry of Health in collaboration with anti-malarial non-governmental organizations must review patterns of insecticide-treated nets distribution and intensify advocacy among educated pregnant women, those in urban settings and the rich, to assuage the magnitude of inequality.
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