SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2023
Brain ageing in schizophrenia: evidence from 26 international cohorts via the ENIGMA Schizophrenia consortium.
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In one paragraph
Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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92citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
12.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: Comparisons Between P-Value and Effect Size Inference Frameworks Using Mega- and Meta-Analyses.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- BrainAGE, brain health, and mental disorders: A systematic review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Resting-state brain age is associated with cognitive and sensorimotor abnormalities in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a validation & longitudinal study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Exploring the neuropathological basis of lateral ventricular enlargement in elderly patients with schizophrenia.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Chronic schizophrenia versus Alzheimer's disease: neuroimaging perspectives on the late-life course of schizophrenia.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Neonatal brain-age models in full- and preterm infants.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Brain Ageing in Social Anxiety Disorder: An ENIGMA-Anxiety Mega-Analysis Across 26 International Cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Brain aging patterns among nine neurological disorders: A case-control study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of interactions between brain aging and late-onset psychoses using heuristic mapping models.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Psychosis as a multisystem disorder of aberrant aging.npj aging · 2026Review
- Developing a multi-modal neuroimaging-based BrainAge model across childhood.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Structural brain differences associated with panic disorder: an ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group mega-analysis of 4924 individuals worldwide.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Reveals Dysregulated Neurotransmitter Systems in Aging and CNS Disorders.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Resting-State Brain Age Predicts Cognitive and Sensorimotor Deficits in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Validation & Longitudinal Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Aging in Schizophrenia: Perspectives on Molecular Mechanisms and a Mini-review.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Review
- Increased Brain-Age Gap in Young Adults With Psychotic Experiences.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Structural covariance network topology in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: the ENIGMA-CHR Study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Deep Learning-Based Structural Brain Age Estimation in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia: A Single-Site Pilot Study.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Replicated evidence for an accelerated rate of whole-body aging in schizophrenia.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on the improvement of cognitive function in older patients with schizophrenia: A randomised controlled study.General psychiatry · 2026Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
89 authors at 20 institutions in 16 countries.
Constantinos ConstantinidesDepartment of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Laura K M HanCentre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Clara AllozaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2092-8055
Linda Antonella AntonucciDepartment of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Celso ArangoDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3382-4754
Rosa Ayesa-ArriolaCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0570-5352
Nerisa BanajLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Alessandro BertolinoDepartment of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Stefan BorgwardtDepartment of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Jason BruggemannSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Juan BustilloDepartment of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8730-8152
Oleg BykhovskiDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7571-1120
Vince CalhounTri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9058-0747
Vaughan CarrSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8907-5804
Stanley CattsSchool of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
Young-Chul ChungDepartment of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University, Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
Benedicto Crespo-FacorroCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
Covadonga M Díaz-CanejaDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8538-3175
Gary DonohoeCentre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-3037-7426
Stefan Du PlessisDepartment of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Jesse EdmondDepartment of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Stefan EhrlichTranslational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2132-4445
Robin EmsleyDepartment of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Lisa T EylerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Paola Fuentes-ClaramonteCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1428-7976
Foivos GeorgiadisDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Melissa GreenSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9361-4874
Amalia Guerrero-PedrazaFIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Minji HaDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
Tim HahnInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6541-3795
Frans A HenskensSchool of Medicine & Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2358-5630
Laurena HolleranCentre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Stephanie HomanPsychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Philipp HomanPsychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9034-148X
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Joost JanssenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Ellen JiPsychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1527-8868
Stefan KaiserDivision of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
Vasily KaledaMental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Minah KimDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-8668-0817
Woo-Sung KimDepartment of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University, Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
Matthias KirschnerDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9486-1439
Peter KochunovMaryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Yoo Bin KwakDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
Jun Soo KwonDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-1060-1462
Irina LebedevaMental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Jingyu LiuDepartment of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1724-7523
Patricia MitchieHunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4169-8519
Stijn MichielseDepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-3930-8646
David MothersillCentre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Bryan MowryQueensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4115-5645
Víctor Ortiz-García de la FozCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0627-1827
Christos PantelisMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9565-0238
Giulio PergolaDepartment of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9193-1841
Fabrizio PirasLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3566-5494
Edith Pomarol-ClotetCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
Adrian PredaDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Yann QuidéSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8569-7139
Paul E RasserHunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Kelly Rootes-MurdyTri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Raymond SalvadorCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
Marina SangiulianoDepartment of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Salvador SarróCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1835-2189
Ulrich SchallHunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
André SchmidtDepartment of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6055-8397
Rodney J ScottSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-7724-3404
Pierluigi SelvaggiDepartment of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Kang SimWest Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
Antonin SkochNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-1739-3256
Gianfranco SpallettaLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7432-4249
Filip SpanielNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0003-3479-696X
Sophia I ThomopoulosImaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
David TomecekNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0001-7038-0529
Alexander S TomyshevMental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Diana Tordesillas-GutiérrezDepartment of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
Therese van AmelsvoortDepartment of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Javier Vázquez-BourgonCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5478-3376
Daniela VecchioLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8428-7376
Aristotle VoineskosCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-0156-0395
Cynthia S WeickertSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Thomas WeickertSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-6408-718X
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
Lianne SchmaalCentre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9822-048X
Theo G M van ErpClinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2465-2797
Jessica TurnerDepartment of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0076-8434
James H ColeCentre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
ENIGMA Schizophrenia Consortium
Danai Dima *Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Esther Walton *Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK. E.Walton@bath.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-0935-2200
Instituto de Salud Carlos III · ESSeoul National University · KRUniversidad de Cantabria · ESHunter Medical Research Institute · AUUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro · ITUNSW Sydney · AUFondazione Santa Lucia · ITGeorgia State University · USMental Health Research Center of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences · RUThe University of Melbourne · AUUniversity of Basel · CHUniversity of California, Irvine · USUniversity of Southern California · USGeorgia Institute of Technology · USJeonbuk National University Hospital · KRMaastricht University · NLOllscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway · IESouth African Medical Research Council · ZASUNY Upstate Medical University · USThe University of Queensland · AU
Funding
FUNCTION BIRNU24RR021992 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI POTKIN, STEVEN G · 2006 to 2010
$25.0MBIO-INFORMATICS RESEARCH NETWORK COORDINATING CENTER (BIRN-CC)U24RR025736 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KESSELMAN, CARL · 2009 to 2011
$15.0MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MDEVELOPMENTAL MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF NEUROCOGNITIVE DYNAMICS (DEV-MIND)R01MH121101 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA MEDICAL CENTER · PI WILSON, TONY W · 2019 to 2023
$5.8MSOLAR-Eclipse Computational Tools for Imaging GeneticsR01EB015611 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI KOCHUNOV, PETER V. · 2012 to 2024
$5.0MENIGMA-COINSTAC-APOE2 Functional and structural connectome protective mechanisms for Alzheimer’s disease and mood disorders: Request for supplemental funds for NIH R01:1R01MH121246R01MH121246 · NIMH · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI CALHOUN, VINCE D, TURNER, JESS · 2019 to 2023
$5.0MMale/Female differences in psychosis and mood disorders:Dynamic imaging-genomic models for characterizing and predicting psychosis and mood dR01MH118695 · NIMH · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ADALI, TULAY, CALHOUN, VINCE D · 2019 to 2023
$3.8MTowards Multisystem-Brain Successful Aging in Schizophrenia SpectrumR01MH116948 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI HONG, L ELLIOT ELLIOT · 2018 to 2022
$3.7MLifespan Vascular Biology on White MatterRF1NS114628 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI HONG, L ELLIOT ELLIOT, KOCHUNOV, PETER V. · 2020 to 2020
$3.1MHigh resolution mapping of the genetic risk for disease in the aging brainR01AG059874 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI JAHANSHAD, NEDA · 2018 to 2022
$3.1MENIGMA-SD: Understanding Sex Differences in Global Mental Health through ENIGMAR01MH116147 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2018 to 2021
$2.5MThe Vascular Axis in Schizophrenia Brain-Body AgingR01MH133812 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI L Elliot Elliot Hong · 2024 to 2026
$2.2MMedical Research Council MR/R024790/1Medical Research Council MR/R024790/2NCRR NIH HHS U24 RR021992NCRR NIH HHS U24 RR025736NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059874NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB015611NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NIH HHS S10 OD023696NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH083968NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116147NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116948NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117601NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH118695NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121101NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121246NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH133812NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH097196NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH123163NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS114628NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS114628
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with an increased risk of life-long cognitive impairments, age-related chronic disease, and premature mortality. We investigated evidence for advanced brain ageing in adult SZ patients, and whether this was associated with clinical characteristics in a prospective meta-analytic study conducted by the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. The study included data from 26 cohorts worldwide, with a total of 2803 SZ patients (mean age 34.2 years; range 18-72 years; 67% male) and 2598 healthy controls (mean age 33.8 years, range 18-73 years, 55% male). Brain-predicted age was individually estimated using a model trained on independent data based on 68 measures of cortical thickness and surface area, 7 subcortical volumes, lateral ventricular volumes and total intracranial volume, all derived from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Deviations from a healthy brain ageing trajectory were assessed by the difference between brain-predicted age and chronological age (brain-predicted age difference [brain-PAD]). On average, SZ patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +3.55 years (95% CI: 2.91, 4.19; I
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SchizophreniaAdolescentAdultAgedAgingBrainFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesYoung Adult
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