Observational studyScientific reports2022
Soluble immune checkpoint molecules in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Complexity of Soluble Checkpoint Molecules in Modulating Immune-Mediated Diseases and Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: biological insights and biomarker-guided disease management.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint imbalance in ANCA-associated vasculitis: insights into disease activity and precision immunotherapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Elevated Levels of sLAG-3 as a Possible Biomarker in Graves' Disease With and Without Thyroid Eye Disease: A Prospective Observational Case-Control Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 gene polymorphisms are associated with ANCA-associated vasculitis in the Guangxi population of China.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Soluble checkpoint molecules as predictive biomarker for disease activity and long-term outcome in SLE.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint molecules performance in ANCA vasculitis.RMD open · 2024Article
- Soluble and EV-bound CD27 act as antagonistic biomarkers in patients with solid tumors undergoing immunotherapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- Article
- sCD163, sCD28, sCD80, and sCTLA-4 as soluble marker candidates for detecting immunosenescence.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- Soluble CD72, is a T-cell activator probably via binding to CD6 in homeostasis and autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Distinct soluble immune checkpoint profiles characterize COVID-19 severity, mortality and SARS-CoV-2 variant infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Targeting immune checkpoints in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis: the potential therapeutic targets in the future.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Prediction of risk and overall survival of pancreatic cancer from blood soluble immune checkpoint-related proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules balance immune effector responses with regulatory reactions. We speculated that soluble immune checkpoint molecules are involved in dysregulation of the immune response and autoimmunity. We evaluated the association between soluble immune checkpoint molecules and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). A total of 56 patients with AAV from a prospective observational cohort and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed. Soluble PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, CD28, CD80, CD86, ICOS, TIM-3, BTLA, CD40, LAG-3, TLR-2, and CD27 were measured in stored sera using the Milliplex MAP assay. Paired analyses were performed before and after the treatment. AAV-specific indices, including Birmingham vasculitis activity score, five factor score , vasculitis damage index, and blood samples, were collected. Patients with AAV had higher levels of sPD-L1, sCD28, sCD80, sCD86, sICOS, sTIM-3, sLAG-3, sTLR-2, and sCD27 and lower level of sCTLA-4 than HCs (p < 0.05). Patients with AAV had higher serum sCD28, sCD80, sTIM-3, and sCD27 levels than HCs at baseline and decreased after treatment. Furthermore, the serum levels of sCD28 and sTIM-3 were significantly correlated with disease activity. This study demonstrated altered concentrations of serum soluble immune checkpoint molecules in patients with AAV. In particular, sCD28 and sTIM-3 may act as surrogate markers of AAV disease activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.