Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36490366›Full record

ArticleAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research2023

A comparison of self-report and discrepancy measures of camouflaging: Exploring sex differences in diagnosed autistic versus high autistic trait young adults.

Victoria Milner, Emma Colvert, William Mandy, Francesca Happé

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Camouflaging and autism: Conceptualisation and methodological issues.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Does Camouflaging Predict Functioning, Distress, and Quality of Life for Autistic Adults?Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. What We Know and Do Not Know About Camouflaging, Impression Management, and Mental Health and Wellbeing in Autistic People.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Victoria MilnerSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1821-5603
Emma ColvertSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
William MandyResearch Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3564-5808
Francesca HappéSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
King's College London · GBUniversity College London · GB

Funding

Economic and Social Research Council ES/M011488/1Medical Research Council G0500870
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Camouflaging describes masking or compensating for autistic traits and/or related difficulties. Some evidence suggests autistic females camouflage more than autistic males, potentially contributing to delayed or missed diagnosis. Studies predominantly adopt self-report measures of camouflaging, potentially reflecting a person's intent to camouflage without accurately measuring effectiveness (i.e., success in fulfilling the intended effect of minimizing the appearance of autistic traits) of camouflaging. Discrepancy scores between underlying cognitive difficulties (e.g., theory of mind) and observed autistic traits (henceforth camo

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderFemaleHumansMaleSelf ReportYoung Adultautism diagnosisautistic camouflagingautistic traitsfemale autismsex differences

Identifiers

PMID36490366
PMCPMC10946751
OpenAlexW4311020931

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.