ArticleInternational journal of geriatric psychiatry2023
Are neuropsychiatric symptoms a marker of small vessel disease progression in older adults? Evidence from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.
Article in International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in the study of apathy related to cerebral small vessel disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Incident Infarcts in Patients With Stroke and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Frequency and Relation to Clinical Outcomes.Neurology · 2024Article
- Are neuropsychiatric symptoms a marker of small vessel disease progression in older adults? Evidence from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms could form part of an early cerebral small vessel disease prodrome that is detectable before stroke or dementia onset. We aimed to identify whether apathy, depression, anxiety, and subjective memory complaints associate with longitudinal white matter hyperintensity (WMH) progression.
methodsCommunity-dwelling older adults from the observational Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 attended three visits at mean ages 73, 76, and 79 years, repeating MRI, Mini-Mental State Examination, neuropsychiatric (Dimensional Apathy Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and subjective memory symptoms. We ran regression and mixed-effects models for symptoms and normalised WMH volumes (cube root of WMH:ICV × 10).
resultsAt age 73, 76, and 79, m = 672, n = 476, and n = 382 participants attended MRI respectively. Worse apathy at age 79 was associated with WMH volume increase (β = 0.27, p = 0.04) in the preceding 6 years. A 1SD increase in apathy score at age 79 associated with a 0.17 increase in WMH (β = 0.17 normalised WMH percent ICV, p = 0.009). In apathy subscales, executive (β = 0.13, p = 0.05) and emotional (β = 0.13, p = 0.04) scores associated with increasing WMH more than initiation scores (β = 0.11, p = 0.08). Increasing WMH also associated with age (β = 0.40, p = 0.002) but not higher depression (β = -0.01, p = 0.78), anxiety (β = 0.05, p = 0.13) scores, or subjective memory complaints (β = 1.12, p = 0.75).
conclusionsApathy independently associates with preceding longitudinal WMH progression, while depression, anxiety, and subjective memory complaints do not. Patients with apathy should be considered for enrolment to small vessel disease trials.
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