ArticleHematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program2022
Cold AIHA and the best treatment strategies.
Article in Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recurrent Mixed Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia With Evans Syndrome and High-Risk Relapse Features: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Adaptive Collaboration Between the Emergency Department and Neonatal Intensive Care to Treat a 16-Month-Old in Sepsis-Related Hemolytic Anemia with a Hemoglobin of 1.7 g/dL: A Case Report.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- Cold clues in pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Childhood isolated C3d-positive AIHA: favorable prognosis but rare relapse or associated immunodeficiency.Blood advances · 2026Article
- When Warm Meets Cold: Mixed-Type Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Revealing an Underlying Autoimmune Disorder.Cureus · 2026Article
- A Rare Case of Severe Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in a Hemochromatosis Carrier.Case reports in hematology · 2026Article
- A Rare Presentation of Mixed Warm and Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia.Case reports in hematology · 2026Article
- Jaundice in a Returning Traveler-A Rare Manifestation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection: Case Report.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias: Classifications, Pathophysiology, Diagnoses and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- [Cold agglutinin syndrome associated with infectious mononucleosis: A case report].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2024Article
- The Role of the Spleen and the Place of Splenectomy in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia-A Review of Current Knowledge.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cold-reactive autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is rare among the hemolytic anemias. It results when 1 of a variety of processes causes the generation of immunoglobulin M (IgM) autoantibodies against endogenous erythrocytes, resulting in complement activation and predominantly intravascular hemolysis. Cold AIHA is typically a primary lymphoproliferative disorder with marrow B-cell clones producing pathogenic IgM. More rarely, secondary cold AIHA (cAIHA) can develop from malignancy, infection, or other autoimmune disorders. However, in children cAIHA is typically post infection, mild, and self-limited. Symptoms include a sequelae of anemia, fatigue, and acrocyanosis. The severity of disease is variable and highly dependent on the thermal binding range of the autoantibody. In adults, treatment has most commonly focused on reducing antibody production with rituximab-based regimens. The addition of cytotoxic agents to rituximab improves response rates, but at the expense of tolerability. Recent insights into the cause of cold agglutinin disease as a clonal disorder driven by complement form the basis of newer therapeutic options. While rituximab-based regimens are still the mainstay of therapy, options have now expanded to include complement-directed treatments and other B-cell-directed or plasma-cell-directed therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.