ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2024
The course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder through midlife.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- A comprehensive overview of the biological foundations of ADHD.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Glutamate imbalance in key structure of the default mode network in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- ADHD in adults: despite evidence sufficient to guide diagnosis and treatment, many questions remain.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults: evidence base, uncertainties and controversies.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025Article
- Fluctuating course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder across development: Multifactorial influences.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Transdiagnostic neuromodulation of impulsivity: current status and future trajectories.Translational psychiatry · 2025Review
- Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: historical challenges and emerging frontiers.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- Lost diagnoses? A multi-year trajectory of patients with childhood ADHD in the criminal justice system in Switzerland.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of childhood and adolescent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnoses in three cohorts.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- ADHD Follow-Up in Adulthood among Subjects Treated for the Disorder in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service from 1995 to 2015.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Observational
- An overview on neurobiology and therapeutics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Discover mental health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The course of ADHD from childhood up to young adulthood has been characterized in several studies. However, little is known about the course of symptoms into middle age and beyond. This study aims to evaluate predictors of ADHD trajectories in midlife based on three assessments. The follow-up sample comprised 323 adults with ADHD, evaluated at baseline and seven and thirteen years later, from the average ages of 34 up to 47 years old. ADHD status at reassessments was used to characterize trajectories. Demographics, ADHD features, comorbidities, and polygenic scores for ADHD and genetically correlated psychiatric disorders were evaluated to predict ADHD trajectories. Study retention rate was 67% at T2 (n = 216) and 62% at T3 (n = 199). Data from patients evaluated three times showed that 68.8% coursed stable, 25.5% unstable, and 5.7% remission trajectory of ADHD. Women, individuals with more severe syndromes, higher frequency of comorbidities at reassessments, and genetic liability to depression present a higher probability of a stable trajectory. Our findings shed light on midlife ADHD trajectories and their gender, genomic and clinical correlates.
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Registered trials
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