ReviewAntimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE2022
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Secondary bacterial infections and the impact on antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Review in Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship for COVID-19 Management.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Review
- The inflammation-immunosuppression loop as a driver of immune dysfunction and secondary infections in severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Antibiotic use in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 in a Brazilian University Hospital (2020-2021).Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Airway immunometabolic responses during pulmonary bacterial and viral infections.Cell reports · 2025Review
- Trends of ciprofloxacin use in Kazakhstan, impacts of COVID-19, and strategies for AMR control.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- High colonization by multidrug-resistant and virulent Staphylococcus aureus genotypes among critically ill patients in the COVID-19 pandemic in a Brazilian hospital.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Exploration of Providers' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Phage Therapy and Intentions for Future Adoption as an Alternative to Traditional Antibiotics in the US-A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Impact of early and delayed azvudine administration on COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bacterial Superinfections After SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, Impact on Inflammatory Profiles, Severity Scores, and Clinical Outcomes.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Unseen Aftermath: Associations Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Shifts in Mortality Trends in Japan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Microbial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of ocular infection pre/during and post the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Dysbiosis of the oropharyngeal microbiota in COVID-19: distinct profiles in patients with severe respiratory symptoms.Journal of oral microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Histological Assessment of Respiratory Tract and Liver of BALB/c Mice Nebulized with Tocilizumab.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Review
- Development and validation of machine learning-based models for predicting healthcare-associated bacterial/fungal infections among COVID-19 inpatients: a retrospective cohort study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
- The emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective multi-centre study.The Journal of hospital infection · 2023Observational
- Ecologic analysis of antimicrobial use in South Carolina hospitals during 2020-2022.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Secondary bacterial infections and bacterial coinfections are an important complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), leading to antibiotic overuse and increased rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this literature review, we summarize the reported rates of secondary bacterial infections and bacterial coinfections in patients with COVID-19, the impact on patient outcomes, the antibiotic treatment approaches employed, and the resistance patterns observed. The reported data suggest that although the incidence of secondary bacterial infections or bacterial coinfections is relatively low, they are associated with worse outcomes such as prolonged hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilator use, and increased mortality. Interestingly, antibiotic prescription rates are typically higher than secondary bacterial and bacterial coinfection rates, and reports of AMR are common. These findings highlight the need for an improved understanding of secondary bacterial and bacterial coinfection in patients with COVID-19, as well as improved treatment options, to mitigate inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and AMR.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.