ArticleEClinicalMedicine2023
Differential symptom cluster responses to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in depression.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Study of Conventional Versus Theta Burst Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Canadian rTMS Treatment and Biomarker Network in Depression Trial
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of iTBS on suicidal ideation and emotion regulation in major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Causal connectivity maps derived from single-pulse interleaved TMS/fMRI.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- A comparison between rTMS and antidepressant medication on depressive symptom clusters in treatment-resistant depression.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Trial
- Crosswalk between HRSD and MADRS outcomes for rTMS in patients with depression.BMJ mental health · 2025Trial
- Pursuing personalized medicine for depression by targeting the lateral or medial prefrontal cortex with Deep TMS.JCI insight · 2023Trial
- Dorsolateral Prefrontal rTMS Symptom Cluster Response Trajectories for Depression.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- Article
- Aberrant dynamic functional architecture in major depressive disorder: Vertex-Wise large-sample fMRI analyses reveal network-specific alterations and symptom associations.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Exploratory analysis of symptom-specific efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in adolescent depression.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Induces Cognitive Recovery in Alzheimer's Disease via GABAergic Neuron Activation of the Cx3cl1-Cx3cr1 Axis.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Protects Cognitive Impairment in i.c.v. STZ-Injected Rats: Role of Adult Neurogenesis.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Causal Connectivity Maps Derived from Single-Pulse Interleaved TMS/fMRI.Research square · 2025Article
- Predictive modeling of response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depression.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Clustering and drivers of symptoms observed at week six after antidepressant treatment in depressed outpatients.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Unveiling the dynamic effects of major depressive disorder and its rTMS interventions through energy landscape analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Research advances in neuronavigated target localization for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: from standardization to individualized neuromodulation.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2025Review
- Sleep as a predictor of improved response to transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression (SPIRiTeD).Journal of affective disorders · 2024Observational
- Trajectory Modeling and Response Prediction in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- The Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Attention Optimization Research: A Review from Basic Theory to Findings in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effect analysis of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with fluoxetine in the treatment of first-episode adolescent depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can target specific neural circuits, which may allow for personalized treatment of depression. Treatment outcome is typically determined using sum scores from validated measurement scales; however, this may obscure differential improvements within distinct symptom domains. The objectives for this work were to determine: (1) whether a standard depression measure can be represented using a four symptom cluster model and (2) whether these symptom clusters had a differential response to rTMS treatment. Methods: Data were obtained from two multi-centre randomized controlled trials of rTMS delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for participants with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) conducted in Canada (THREE-D [Conducted between Sept 2013, and Oct 2016] and CARTBIND [Conducted between Apr 2016 and Feb 2018]). The first objective used confirmatory factor analytic techniques, and the second objective used a linear mixed effects model. Trial Registration: NCT01887782, NCT02729792. Findings: In the total sample of 596 participants with TRD, we found a model consisting of four symptom clusters adequately fit the data. The primary analysis using the THREE-D treatment trial found that symptom clusters demonstrated a differential response to rTMS treatment (F(3,5984) = 31.92, p < 0.001). The anxiety symptom cluster was significantly less responsive to treatment than other symptom clusters (t(6001) = -8.02, p < 0.001). These findings were replicated using data from the CARTBIND trial. Interpretation: There are distinct symptom clusters experienced by individuals with TRD that have a differential response to rTMS. Future work will determine whether differing rTMS treatment targets have distinct patterns of symptom cluster responses with the eventual goal of personalizing rTMS protocols based on an individual's clinical presentation. Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Brain Canada.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.