ArticleFrontiers in public health2022
Empirical evidence on structural racism as a driver of racial inequities in COVID-19 mortality.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Institutional Factors Associated with Equitable Cancer Care Provision for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations in Queensland, Australia: A Critical Race Theory Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- State Racism Index and physical function: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Upstream Drivers of Poor Cardiovascular Health Among Black and White Americans.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Perceived Racial Stress Effects on Neuropsychological Functioning in African Americans are Mediated by the Brain's Reward/Safety SEEKING Systems via Neuroimmune and Neuroendocrine Pathways.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- A Standard Measure of Structural Racism, Do We Have One? Can We Have One? A Narrative Review of Commonly Used Measures and Domains of Use.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- A latent measure of cultural racism and its association with US mortality and life expectancy.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Criminal Justice, Arrests Data, and Structural Racism Measurement for Health Equity Research: Promises and Pitfalls.Health services research · 2025Article
- Conceptualizing and Measuring Systemic Racism.Annual review of public health · 2025Review
- A State-Level Examination into Structural Racism and Racialized Disparities in Sexually Transmitted Infections.Spatial demography · 2025Article
- Characteristics of interventions that address racism in the United States and opportunities to integrate equity principles: a scoping review.Systematic reviews · 2024Article
- Structural gendered racism and preterm birth inequities in the United States.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Structural racism in primary schools and changes in epigenetic age acceleration among Black and White youth.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Structural Racism and Health Stratification: Connecting Theory to Measurement.Journal of health and social behavior · 2024Article
- Legislating Inequity: Structural Racism In Groups Of State Laws And Associations With Premature Mortality Rates.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and All-Cause Mortality by Race, Ethnicity, and Age Across Five Periods of the Pandemic in the United States.Population research and policy review · 2023Article
- Racialized Health Inequities: Quantifying Socioeconomic and Stress Pathways Using Moderated Mediation.Demography · 2023Article
- The Future of Social Determinants of Health: Looking Upstream to Structural Drivers.The Milbank quarterly · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: This study contributes to the literature by empirically testing the extent to which place-based structural racism is a driver of state-level racial inequalities in COVID-19 mortality using theoretically-informed, innovative approaches. Methods: CDC data are used to measure cumulative COVID-19 death rates between January 2020 and August 2022. The outcome measure is a state-level Black-White (B/W) ratio of age-adjusted death rates. We use state-level 2019 administrative data on previously validated indicators of structural racism spanning educational, economic, political, criminal-legal and housing to identify a novel, multi-sectoral latent measure of structural racism (CFI = 0.982, TLI = 0.968, and RMSEA = 0.044). We map B/W inequalities in COVID-19 mortality as well as the latent measure of structural racism in order to understand their geographic distribution across U.S. states. Finally, we use regression analyses to estimate the extent to which structural racism contributes to Black-White inequalities in COVID-19 mortality, net of potential confounders. Results: Results reveal substantial state-level variation in the B/W ratio of COVID-19 death rates and structural racism. Notably, regression estimates indicate that the relationship between the structural racism and B/W inequality in COVID-19 mortality is positive and statistically significant ( Discussion: Findings suggest that efficacious health equity solutions will require bold policies that dismantle structural racism across numerous societal domains.
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