ArticleClinical and experimental reproductive medicine2022
Prolonged semen incubation alters the biological characteristics of human spermatozoa.
Article in Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Protective Effect ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Complex in vitro fertilization laboratory factors affecting sperm DNA integrity: A narrative review.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2025Review
- Expression and correlation of male reproductive hormone levels with abnormal semen liquefaction time.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- The effect of in vitro use of FSH on sperm parameters, DNA integrity, and mitochondrial membrane potential in asthenozoospermic men.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Sodium benzoate exposure disrupts HPG-axis in male rats: insights into oxidative stress, hormonal dysregulation, histopathology and kisspeptin/RFRP-3 expression.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Imiquimod (R837), a TLR7-Specific Agonist, Regulates Boar Sperm Motility via PI3K/GSK3α/β/Hexokinase Pathway.Biology · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThe present study assessed the biological characteristics of human spermatozoa at different time intervals (0, 1, 1.5, and 2 hours) after incubation at 37°C.
methodsTwenty-five normozoospermic semen samples were incubated at 37°C. Incubation was performed at four time intervals of 0 (after liquefaction), 1, 1.5, and 2 hours. The samples were evaluated for sperm parameters at each time interval.
resultsThe rate of sperm progressive motility decreased at 1.5 hours compared to 0 hours as well as 2 hours compared to 1 hour and 0 hours. The rate of non-motile spermatozoa also decreased after 2 hours compared to after 0 hours. No significant changes were observed in sperm viability (p=0.98) and non- progressive motility (p=0.48) at any time intervals. Abnormal sperm morphology increased at 1.5 hours of incubation time (p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in DNA fragmentation at 1 hour compared to 0 hours (median [interquartile range]: 19.5 [4] vs. 19 [4]), as well as at 1.5 hours compared to 1 hour (20 [5]). However, a significant increase in DNA fragmentation was observed at 1.5 hours compared to 0 hours. The mitochondrial membrane potential decreased remarkably after 1 hour of incubation time. No significant differences were observed in the acrosome reaction or malonaldehyde levels at any time point (p=0.34 and p=0.98, respectively).
conclusionThe incubation of normozoospermic samples before use in assisted reproductive technology should be less than 1.5 hours to minimize the destructive effects of prolonged incubation time on general and specific sperm parameters.
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