ArticleScientific reports2022
3D printing of cellulose nanocrystals based composites to build robust biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- The promising applications of 3D printing technology for diagnosis and therapy of cancer: Recent advances and challenges.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Review
- Role of cellulose and its derivatives for 3D printing of bone tissue scaffolds.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- The lysine degradation pathway analyzed withRSC advances · 2025Article
- 3D-Printed Cellulose Aerogels Minimally Cross-Linked with Polyurea: A Robust Strategy for Tissue Engineering.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Fabrication and evaluation of 3D printed PLGA/nHA/GO scaffold for bone tissue engineering.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Fused Deposition Modeling 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Review
- Article
- Biodegradable Polymers in Biomedical Applications: A Review-Developments, Perspectives and Future Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Anisotropic wood-hydrogel composites: Extending mechanical properties of wood towards soft materials' applications.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- Review
- Improving physio-mechanical and biological properties of 3D-printed PLA scaffolds via in-situ argon cold plasma treatment.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A SWOT analysis of nano co-crystals in drug delivery: present outlook and future perspectives.RSC advances · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are drawing increasing attention in the fields of biomedicine and healthcare owing to their durability, biocompatibility, biodegradability and excellent mechanical properties. Herein, we fabricated using fused deposition modelling technology 3D composite scaffolds from polylactic acid (PLA) and CNC extracted from Ficus thonningii. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the printed scaffolds exhibit interconnected pores with an estimated average pore size of approximately 400 µm. Incorporating 3% (w/w) of CNC into the composite improved PLA mechanical properties (Young's modulus increased by ~ 30%) and wettability (water contact angle decreased by ~ 17%). The mineralization process of printed scaffolds using simulated body fluid was validated and nucleation of hydroxyapatite confirmed. Additionally, cytocompatibility tests revealed that PLA and CNC-based PLA scaffolds are non-toxic and compatible with bone cells. Our design, based on rapid 3D printing of PLA/CNC composites, combines the ability to control the architecture and provide improved mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds, which opens perspectives for applications in bone tissue engineering and in regenerative medicine.
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