ReviewJournal of preventive medicine and hygiene2022
Ethical considerations regarding animal experimentation.
Review in Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- Triterpenes in breast cancer: a systematic review of preclinical evidence in rodents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the potential of computer simulation models in drug testing and biomedical research: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of rodent studies of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Protective effects of adenosine triphosphate, thiamin, thiamin pyrophosphate, and their combination against linezolid-induced renal injury and lactic acidosis in rats.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Review
- New approach methodologies (NAMs) for preclinical and translational evaluation of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) therapeutics.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- In vitro differentiation and phenotypic profiling of Langerhans cell subsets derived from human peripheral blood monocytes.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Optimization of a 3D Skin Equivalent Incorporating Melanocytes or Melanoma Cells for In Vitro Melanoma Research.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Challenges We Faced with Animal Models for Neurological Disorders.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Colonoid-Based Transcriptomics Reveals Conserved and Model-Specific Mechanisms of Doxorubicin-Induced Intestinal Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Organ-on-a-Chip Technology: Advances in Modeling Inflammation, Neurovascularization and Nociception in Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Smart medicine · 2026Review
- Alternative Developmental Toxicity Screening Methods Using Chick Embryo-Based Models.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Review
- Non-animal models in undergraduate education: opportunities, applications, and future directions.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Self-Assembled Skin Equivalents with Monoclonal CRISPR/Cas9-Modified N/TERT-1 Keratinocytes: A Cutting-Edge Model for Human Skin and its Diseases.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- In vitro modeling of inflammatory bowel diseases using a newly developed immunocompetent colon epithelial monolayer co-culture model.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Article
- Enteric viral infections promote systemic accelerated aging inScience advances · 2026Article
- Building bridges: Involvement of animal care staff and laboratory technicians in experimental planning and conduct of animal studies for better job satisfaction and science.Laboratory animals · 2026Article
- Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Pembrolizumab-Induced Renal Injury: A Comparative Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Flunarizine and Carvacrol in Rats.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Pilot Study on the Effects of First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs and Their Combinations on Selected Reproductive Endpoints in Female Rats.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nature-Inspired Solutions: Biomimetic Materials and Adaptive Devices for Precision Urinary Oncology.Cancers · 2026Review
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
34 authors at 14 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Animal experimentation is widely used around the world for the identification of the root causes of various diseases in humans and animals and for exploring treatment options. Among the several animal species, rats, mice and purpose-bred birds comprise almost 90% of the animals that are used for research purpose. However, growing awareness of the sentience of animals and their experience of pain and suffering has led to strong opposition to animal research among many scientists and the general public. In addition, the usefulness of extrapolating animal data to humans has been questioned. This has led to Ethical Committees' adoption of the 'four Rs' principles (Reduction, Refinement, Replacement and Responsibility) as a guide when making decisions regarding animal experimentation. Some of the essential considerations for humane animal experimentation are presented in this review along with the requirement for investigator training. Due to the ethical issues surrounding the use of animals in experimentation, their use is declining in those research areas where alternative in vitro or in silico methods are available. However, so far it has not been possible to dispense with experimental animals completely and further research is needed to provide a road map to robust alternatives before their use can be fully discontinued.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.