ArticleHeliyon2022
Age-specific transmission for different virus serotypes of hand, foot and mouth disease and the impact of interventions in East China, 2009-2015.
Article in Heliyon, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Surveillance in Anhui, After Introduction of the Enterovirus 71 Vaccine and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ecological Interrupted Time Series Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Age-stratified clinical characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children and its guiding value for diagnosis and treatment.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Hand, foot and mouth disease incidence in mainland China: temporal trends and projections to 2030.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Analysis and forecast of hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic trends in Guangzhou, China, 2013-2023.PloS one · 2025Article
- Age-time-specific transmission of hand-foot-and-mouth disease enterovirus serotypes in Vietnam: A catalytic model with maternal immunity.Epidemics · 2024Article
- Enterovirus A71-associated acute flaccid paralysis in a pediatric patient: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Assessing the impact of COVID-19 interventions on the hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangdong Province, China: a Bayesian modeling study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remains an important public health problem in China. Understandings of age-specific transmission for different virus serotypes of the disease and assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) for HFMD are helpful for disease control, but they have been seldom considered. Here we further investigate transmission dynamics of HFMD and quantify the effects of NPIs and vaccination on the disease transmission. Methods: We extracted information of reported HFMD cases from 2009 to 2015 in East China. Age-specific force of infection (FoI) was used to describe the transmission characteristics for serotypes (EV-A71, CV-A16 and other enterovirus). We used an age-structured Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model to simulate how interventions affect HFMD outbreaks. Results: 4,096,270 HFMD cases were included, and 160619 cases were confirmed for virus serotypes. The peaks of infections always occurred in even-numbered years. CV-A16 and EV-A71 showed a similar trend, children aged 1 or 2 years generally had the highest FoI, but there were no clear patterns for other enterovirus. Simulations showed that school break could dramatically decline the average incidence. When combined with social interventions, it would further reduce the incidence, but the effect is not apparent. When vaccine rate is over or equal to 20%, the incidence would be lower than taking NPIs. Conclusion: More attention should be paid to children under 2 years of age in the prevention and control of HFMD. Compared to NPIs, vaccination is more effective.
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